Hedman J, Kaprio J, Poussa T, Nieminen M M
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Aug;28(4):717-22. doi: 10.1093/ije/28.4.717.
Remarkable overlap exists in symptoms between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the symptoms of the patients with mild asthma are often falsely thought to be caused by smoking. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma, asthmatic symptoms and doctor-diagnosed COPD in an adult population. The prevalence and relation to asthma of aspirin intolerance, nasal polyposis, allergic rhinitis and smoking habits were also examined.
Postal questionnaire survey of a population-based random sample (4300) of adult women and men aged 18-65 years served by the Päijät-Häme Central Hospital in southern Finland (a region with 208 000 inhabitants) was performed.
The non-response-adjusted prevalence (Drane's linear method) of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 4.4% (95% CI: 3.3-5.5%) and of COPD 3.7% (95% CI: 2.7-4.8%). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 37.3% (95% CI: 33.3-41.2%), and of overall aspirin intolerance 5.7% (95% CI: 4.4-7.1%). The observed prevalence of aspirin intolerance causing shortness of breath or attacks of asthma was 1.2% and it was higher in patients with doctor-diagnosed asthma than without (8.8% versus 0.8%, relative risk [RR] = 11.4, P < 0.0001), and higher in those with allergic-like rhinitis than without (2.6% versus 0.3%, RR = 7.7, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of nasal polyposis was 4.3% (95% CI : 2.8-5.8%).
The current prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma among adults is 4.4%, and allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis and aspirin intolerance are associated with an increased risk of asthma. There is also association between aspirin-induced asthma and allergic-like rhinitis.
哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的症状存在显著重叠，轻度哮喘患者的症状常被错误地认为是由吸烟引起的。本研究的目的是确定成年人群中医生诊断的哮喘、哮喘症状及医生诊断的COPD的患病率。还研究了阿司匹林不耐受、鼻息肉、过敏性鼻炎及吸烟习惯的患病率及其与哮喘的关系。
对芬兰南部派亚特-海梅中心医院服务的18至65岁成年男女进行基于人群的随机抽样（4300人）问卷调查。
经无应答调整后的医生诊断哮喘患病率（Drane线性法）为4.4%（95%可信区间：3.3 - 5.5%），COPD患病率为3.7%（95%可信区间：2.7 - 4.8%）。过敏性鼻炎患病率为37.3%（95%可信区间：33.3 - 41.2%），总体阿司匹林不耐受患病率为5.7%（95%可信区间：4.4 - 7.1%）。观察到因阿司匹林不耐受导致呼吸急促或哮喘发作的患病率为1.2%，在医生诊断为哮喘的患者中高于未诊断为哮喘的患者（8.8%对0.8%，相对危险度[RR]=11.4，P<0.0001），在有过敏性鼻炎样症状的患者中高于无此症状的患者（2.6%对0.3%，RR = 7.7，P<0.0001）。鼻息肉患病率为4.3%（95%可信区间：2.8 - 5.8%）。
目前成年人群中医生诊断的哮喘患病率为4.4%，过敏性鼻炎、鼻息肉和阿司匹林不耐受与哮喘风险增加相关。阿司匹林诱发的哮喘与过敏性鼻炎样症状之间也存在关联。
