Grossi G
Department of Biological Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 1999 Sep;40(3):157-65. doi: 10.1111/1467-9450.00113.
The study investigated the associations between coping and symptoms of emotional distress within a sample of 166 unemployed men and women (mean age 40 +/- 10 years, range 22 to 63 years, 52% males). All variables were measured with a questionnaire comprising sociodemographic background, length of unemployment, financial strain, coping style ("Ways of Coping Checklist"), and emotional distress (Hopkins Symptom Check List-25). Emotional distress was positively related to financial strain and more common among younger subjects, divorced subjects and those with foreign background, but less frequent among subjects who had been unemployed for more than three years. After controlling for age, gender, education, foreign background, length of unemployment and financial strain, hierarchical regression analyses showed that emotion-focused coping, i.e. self-blame and wishful thinking, was positively related to emotional distress. Problem-focused coping and cognitive restructuring were negatively associated with emotional distress. Younger subjects and divorced subjects made frequent use of both emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. Female subject and subjects with mandatory school made frequent use of emotion focused coping, if exposed to high financial strain. Problem-focused coping was less frequent among subjects with a low education coupled with low financial strain. Cognitive restructuring was less common among subjects who had been unemployed for more than three years. Younger subjects who were also divorced made less use of both problem-focused coping and cognitive restructuring. The results confirm that coping style has importance for the mental health of the unemployed, and indicate a differential use of coping strategies among subjects with different sociodemographic backgrounds and different levels of financial strain.
该研究调查了166名失业男女样本（平均年龄40±10岁，年龄范围22至63岁，男性占52%）应对方式与情绪困扰症状之间的关联。所有变量均通过一份问卷进行测量，问卷内容包括社会人口学背景、失业时长、经济压力、应对方式（“应对方式清单”）以及情绪困扰（霍普金斯症状清单-25）。情绪困扰与经济压力呈正相关，在年轻受试者、离异受试者以及有外国背景的受试者中更为常见，但在失业超过三年的受试者中则较少见。在控制了年龄、性别、教育程度、外国背景、失业时长和经济压力之后，分层回归分析表明，以情绪为中心的应对方式，即自责和一厢情愿的想法，与情绪困扰呈正相关。以问题为中心的应对方式和认知重构与情绪困扰呈负相关。年轻受试者和离异受试者频繁使用以情绪为中心和以问题为中心的应对方式。女性受试者和接受义务教育的受试者在面临高经济压力时频繁使用以情绪为中心的应对方式。在教育程度低且经济压力小的受试者中，以问题为中心的应对方式较少见。认知重构在失业超过三年的受试者中不太常见。既年轻又离异的受试者较少使用以问题为中心的应对方式和认知重构。研究结果证实，应对方式对失业者的心理健康具有重要意义，并表明不同社会人口学背景和不同经济压力水平的受试者在应对策略的使用上存在差异。
