Lewis R
Division of Occupational Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
Occup Med. 1999 Oct-Dec;14(4):707-18.
The production of rubber and rubber products is a large and diverse industry. Natural rubber, obtained from plantations in Africa and Asia, accounts for only about 25% of the rubber used in industry. Synthetic alternatives, developed during World War II, are the primary sources of raw materials today. Health hazards in synthetic rubber production are primary related to exposure to monomers. An excess incidence of leukemia has been observed in styrene/butadiene rubber production, attributed to exposure to 1,3-butadiene. Excesses of cancer and respiratory disease have been reported, although specific causative agents are rarely identified. Exposures have varied greatly over the years, based on changes in materials used, work practices, and ventilation. In modern industry, exposures to noise, skin and respiratory irritants, and ergonomic stressors remain important. The tire industry, in particular, has been studied extensively over the past 50 years.
橡胶及橡胶制品的生产是一个规模庞大且种类繁多的行业。从非洲和亚洲种植园获取的天然橡胶仅占工业用橡胶的约25%。在第二次世界大战期间开发的合成橡胶替代品如今是主要的原材料来源。合成橡胶生产中的健康危害主要与接触单体有关。在丁苯橡胶生产中观察到白血病发病率过高，这归因于接触1,3 - 丁二烯。虽然很少能确定具体的致病因素，但已有癌症和呼吸道疾病过量发生的报告。多年来，由于所用材料、工作方式和通风情况的变化，接触情况差异很大。在现代工业中，接触噪音、皮肤和呼吸道刺激物以及人体工程学压力源仍然很重要。尤其是轮胎行业，在过去50年里受到了广泛研究。
