Wraga M, Creem S H, Proffitt D R
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 1999 Sep;102(2-3):247-64. doi: 10.1016/s0001-6918(98)00057-2.
The human visual system can represent an object's spatial structure with respect to multiple frames of reference. It can also utilize multiple reference frames to mentally transform such representations. Recent studies have shown that performance on some mental transformations is not equivalent: Imagined object rotations tend to be more difficult than imagined viewer rotations. We reviewed several related research domains to understand this discrepancy in terms of the different reference frames associated with each imagined movement. An examination of the mental rotation literature revealed that observers' difficulties in predicting an object's rotational outcome may stem from a general deficit with imagining the cohesive rotation of the object's intrinsic frame. Such judgments are thus more reliant on supplementary information provided by other frames, such as the environmental frame. In contrast, as assessed in motor imagery and other studies, imagined rotations of the viewer's relative frame are performed cohesively and are thus mostly immune to effects of other frames.
人类视觉系统可以相对于多个参照系来表征物体的空间结构。它还可以利用多个参照系在心理上对这种表征进行转换。最近的研究表明，在某些心理转换任务中的表现并不相同：想象物体旋转往往比想象观察者旋转更困难。我们回顾了几个相关的研究领域，以便根据与每种想象运动相关的不同参照系来理解这种差异。对心理旋转文献的研究表明，观察者在预测物体旋转结果时遇到的困难可能源于在想象物体固有参照系的连贯旋转方面存在普遍缺陷。因此，此类判断更依赖于其他参照系（如环境参照系）提供的补充信息。相比之下，正如在运动想象和其他研究中所评估的那样，观察者相对参照系的想象旋转是连贯进行的，因此大多不受其他参照系的影响。
