GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain.
Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11519 Puerto Real, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 12;18(6):2913. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062913.
The objective of this study was to examine the role of spatial orientation in the performance of sport sailors. Participants were 30 elite male sailors from classes 420, Laser, Windsurfing RS:X and Windsurfing Techno, grouped into two categories: Monohull (18 sailors) and Windsurfing (12 sailors). Ages ranged between 13 and 18 years old (M = 15.7, SD = 1.05). To assess spatial orientation, the Perspective Taking/Spatial Orientation Test was used, and performance was inferred from the final classification at the regatta. In addition, the influence of experience and age on the performance was analyzed. The results show that in the Monohull group, the performance is determined by the spatial orientation (18% of the explained variance), while in the Windsurfing group, the variables that are related to performance are sailing experience and age (60% of the explained variance). Spatial orientation seems to be the more important variable for performance in the Monohull group, while in classes belonging to the Windsurfing group, this variable does not seem to be decisive for obtaining good results in the regatta.
本研究旨在探讨空间定向在竞技帆船运动员表现中的作用。参与者为 30 名来自 420 级帆船、激光级帆船、风浪板 RS:X 和风浪板 Techno 级帆船的精英男性帆船运动员，分为两类：单体船（18 名帆船运动员）和风浪板（12 名帆船运动员）。年龄在 13 到 18 岁之间（M = 15.7，SD = 1.05）。为了评估空间定向，使用了换位思考/空间定向测试，并且从帆船比赛的最终分类中推断出表现。此外，还分析了经验和年龄对表现的影响。结果表明，在单体船组中，表现由空间定向决定（解释方差的 18%），而在风浪板组中，与表现相关的变量是航海经验和年龄（解释方差的 60%）。在单体船组中，空间定向似乎是决定表现的更重要变量，而在属于风浪板组的级别中，这个变量似乎不是在帆船比赛中取得好成绩的决定性因素。
