Perrin Nicolas, Mazalov Vladimir
Am Nat. 1999 Sep;154(3):282-292. doi: 10.1086/303236.
Using a game-theoretical approach, we investigate the dispersal patterns expected if inbreeding avoidance were the only reason for dispersal. The evolutionary outcome is always complete philopatry by one sex. The rate of dispersal by the other sex depends on patch size and mating system, as well as inbreeding and dispersal costs. If such costs are sex independent, then two stable equilibria coexist (male or female philopatry), with symmetric domains of attraction. Which sex disperses is determined entirely by history, genetic drift, and gene flow. An asymmetry in costs makes one domain of attraction extend at the expense of the other. In such a case, the dispersing sex might also be, paradoxically, the one that incurs the higher dispersal costs. As asymmetry increases, one equilibrium eventually disappears, which may result in a sudden evolutionary shift in the identity of the dispersing sex. Our results underline the necessity to control for phylogenetic relationships (e.g., through the use of independent-comparisons methods) when investigating empirical trends in dispersal. Our model also makes quantitative predictions on the rate of dispersal by the dispersing sex and suggests that inbreeding avoidance may only rarely be the sole reason for dispersal.
运用博弈论方法，我们研究了如果避免近亲繁殖是扩散的唯一原因时预期的扩散模式。进化结果总是一种性别的完全留居。另一种性别的扩散率取决于斑块大小和交配系统，以及近亲繁殖和扩散成本。如果这些成本与性别无关，那么两个稳定平衡点共存（雄性或雌性留居），具有对称的吸引域。扩散的是哪种性别完全由历史、遗传漂变和基因流决定。成本的不对称使得一个吸引域以另一个为代价扩展。在这种情况下，令人费解的是，扩散的性别可能也是承担较高扩散成本的性别。随着不对称性增加，一个平衡点最终消失，这可能导致扩散性别的身份发生突然的进化转变。我们的结果强调了在研究扩散的实证趋势时控制系统发育关系（例如，通过使用独立比较方法）的必要性。我们的模型还对扩散性别的扩散率做出了定量预测，并表明避免近亲繁殖很少可能是扩散的唯一原因。
