Kwon Eunbi, Valcu Mihai, Cragnolini Margherita, Bulla Martin, Lyon Bruce, Kempenaers Bart
Department of Behavioural Ecology & Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. 8, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany.
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Behav Ecol. 2022 Apr 1;33(3):592-605. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arac014. eCollection 2022 May-Jun.
Sex-bias in breeding dispersal is considered the norm in many taxa, and the magnitude and direction of such sex-bias is expected to correlate with the social mating system. We used local return rates in shorebirds as an index of breeding site fidelity, and hence as an estimate of the propensity for breeding dispersal, and tested whether variation in site fidelity and in sex-bias in site fidelity relates to the mating system. Among 111 populations of 49 species, annual return rates to a breeding site varied between 0% and 100%. After controlling for body size (linked to survival) and other confounding factors, monogamous species showed higher breeding site fidelity compared with polyandrous and polygynous species. Overall, there was a strong male bias in return rates, but the sex-bias in return rate was independent of the mating system and did not covary with the extent of sexual size dimorphism. Our results bolster earlier findings that the sex-biased dispersal is weakly linked to the mating system in birds. Instead, our results show that return rates are strongly correlated with the mating system in shorebirds regardless of sex. This suggests that breeding site fidelity may be linked to mate fidelity, which is only important in the monogamous, biparentally incubating species, or that the same drivers influence both the mating system and site fidelity. The strong connection between site fidelity and the mating system suggests that variation in site fidelity may have played a role in the coevolution of the mating system, parental care, and migration strategies.
在许多生物分类群中，繁殖扩散中的性别偏差被认为是常态，并且这种性别偏差的程度和方向预计与社会交配系统相关。我们将滨鸟的本地回巢率用作繁殖地忠诚度的指标，从而作为繁殖扩散倾向的一种估计，并测试了繁殖地忠诚度的变化以及繁殖地忠诚度的性别偏差是否与交配系统有关。在49种鸟类的111个种群中，每年回到繁殖地的比率在0%至100%之间变化。在控制了体型（与存活率相关）和其他混杂因素后，与一妻多夫制和一夫多妻制的物种相比，一夫一妻制的物种表现出更高的繁殖地忠诚度。总体而言，回巢率存在强烈的雄性偏差，但回巢率的性别偏差与交配系统无关，也不与两性体型差异程度共变。我们的结果支持了早期的研究发现，即鸟类中性别偏差的扩散与交配系统的联系较弱。相反，我们的结果表明，无论性别如何，滨鸟的回巢率都与交配系统密切相关。这表明繁殖地忠诚度可能与配偶忠诚度有关，而配偶忠诚度仅在一夫一妻制、双亲共同孵卵的物种中很重要，或者是相同的驱动因素影响了交配系统和繁殖地忠诚度。繁殖地忠诚度与交配系统之间的紧密联系表明，繁殖地忠诚度的变化可能在交配系统、亲代抚育和迁徙策略的协同进化中发挥了作用。
