Guillot T
Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Département Cassini, CNRS UMR 6529, Boîte Postale 4229, 06304 Nice Cedex 04, France.
Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):72-7. doi: 10.1126/science.286.5437.72.
An understanding of the structure and composition of the giant planets is rapidly evolving because of (i) high-pressure experiments with the ability to study metallic hydrogen and define the properties of its equation of state and (ii) spectroscopic and in situ measurements made by telescopes and satellites that allow an accurate determination of the chemical composition of the deep atmospheres of the giant planets. However, the total amount of heavy elements that Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune contain remains poorly constrained. The discovery of extrasolar giant planets with masses ranging from that of Saturn to a few times the mass of Jupiter opens up new possibilities for understanding planet composition and formation. Evolutionary models predict that gaseous extrasolar giant planets should have a variety of atmospheric temperatures and chemical compositions, but the radii are estimated to be close to that of Jupiter (between 0.9 and 1.7 Jupiter radii), provided that they contain mostly hydrogen and helium.
由于（i）具备研究金属氢并确定其状态方程性质能力的高压实验，以及（ii）望远镜和卫星进行的光谱及实地测量，这些测量能够精确测定巨行星深层大气的化学成分，所以我们对巨行星结构和组成的认识正在迅速发展。然而，木星、土星、天王星和海王星所含重元素的总量仍受到很大限制。质量范围从土星质量到几倍木星质量的系外巨行星的发现，为理解行星的组成和形成开辟了新的可能性。演化模型预测，气态系外巨行星应该具有多种大气温度和化学成分，但如果它们主要由氢和氦组成，其半径估计接近木星半径（在0.9至1.7木星半径之间）。
