Pretty I A, Anderson G S, Sweet D J
Bureau of Legal Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1999 Sep;20(3):232-9. doi: 10.1097/00000433-199909000-00003.
The risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission following a bite injury is important to many groups of people. The first are those who are likely to be bitten as an occupational risk, such as police officers and institutional staff. Another group are represented by the victims and perpetrators of crimes involving biting, both in attack and defense situations. The possibility of these bites transmitting a potentially fatal disease is of interest to the physicians who treat such patients and the legal system which may have to deal with the repercussions of such a transmission. Bite injuries represent 1% of all emergency department admissions in the United States, and human bites are the third most common following those of dogs and cats. The worldwide epidemic of HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues, with >5 million new cases last year and affecting 1 in 100 sexually active adults. A review of the literature concerning human bites, HIV and AIDS, HIV in saliva, and case examples was performed to examine the current opinion regarding the transmission of HIV via this route. A bite from an HIV-seropositive individual that breaks the skin or is associated with a previous injury carries a risk of infection for the bitten individual.
对于许多人群而言，咬伤后感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险至关重要。首先是那些因职业风险可能被咬伤的人，比如警察和机构工作人员。另一类人群则是涉及咬人犯罪的受害者和犯罪者，包括攻击和防卫情形。这些咬伤传播潜在致命疾病的可能性，受到治疗此类患者的医生以及可能必须应对此类传播后果的法律系统的关注。在美国，咬伤占急诊科所有入院病例的1%，人类咬伤是继狗和猫咬伤之后第三常见的咬伤类型。全球范围内，HIV和获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）的流行仍在持续，去年新增病例超过500万，每100名性活跃成年人中就有1人受影响。我们对有关人类咬伤、HIV与AIDS、唾液中的HIV以及病例的文献进行了综述，以审视当前关于通过此途径传播HIV的观点。HIV血清反应阳性个体的咬伤导致皮肤破损或与先前损伤相关时，被咬伤个体存在感染风险。
