Sommers M S, Danielson S M
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1999 Sep;14(3):458-72. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.14.3.458.
Two experiments were conducted to examine the importance of inhibitory abilities and semantic context to spoken word recognition in older and young adults. In Experiment 1, identification scores were obtained in 3 contexts: single words, low-predictability sentences, and high-predictability sentences. Additionally, identification performance was examined as a function of neighborhood density (number of items phonetically similar to a target word). Older adults had greater difficulty than young adults recognizing words with many neighbors (hard words). However, older adults also exhibited greater benefits as a result of adding contextual information. Individual differences in inhibitory abilities contributed significantly to recognition performance for lexically hard words but not for lexically easy words. The roles of inhibitory abilities and linguistic knowledge in explaining age-related impairments in spoken word recognition are discussed.
进行了两项实验，以检验抑制能力和语义语境对老年人和年轻人口语单词识别的重要性。在实验1中，在三种语境下获得识别分数：单个单词、低可预测性句子和高可预测性句子。此外，还根据邻域密度（与目标单词语音相似的项目数量）来检验识别表现。与年轻人相比，老年人识别具有许多邻域词（难词）的难度更大。然而，由于添加了语境信息，老年人也表现出更大的优势。抑制能力的个体差异对词汇难词的识别表现有显著贡献，但对词汇易词则没有。讨论了抑制能力和语言知识在解释与年龄相关的口语单词识别障碍中的作用。
