Arthur D, Pang S, Wong T, Alexander M F, Drury J, Johansson I, Jooste K, Naude M, Noh C H, O'Brien A, Sohng K Y, Stevenson G R, Sy-Sinda M T, Thorne S, van der Wal D, Xiao S
Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon.
Int J Nurs Stud. 1999 Oct;36(5):387-96. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7489(99)00035-8.
Caring, the theoretical foundation of nursing, is identified as one of the core values by Hospital Authorities world-wide to be actualised in clinical practice. Exactly how caring attributes relate to nurses' professional self image and quality nursing service in the context of a contemporary technological environment have yet to be operationalised. In total, 1957 Registered Nurses from 11 different countries were involved in the study which aimed to: develop an understanding of and compare the responses to items relating to caring, professional self concept and technological influences. To collect data an instrument containing 104 Likert items was administered to RNs working in general hospitals. The instrument contained sections which examined professional self concept, technological influences and caring attributes. Descriptive and inferential statistics revealed that many of the Asian nurses in the sample were younger, had less experience yet were more qualified than their 'western' colleagues. The mean scores for the caring attributes for nurses from the Philippines, Sweden and South Africa were significantly higher than those from China (Beijing), Korea, China (Hong Kong) and Scotland. The Korean sample demonstrated the lowest mean score for professional self concept while the New Zealand sample the highest. The Australian, Canadian, NZ, Scotland and Swedish samples were strongly of the opinion that the increase in technology has not brought about the any more spare time in nursing and generally had a more negative opinion about the influence of technology when compared to those from China (Beijing), Philippines, China (Hong Kong) and Singapore. The results are discussed in the light of the cultural differences in the sample and recommendations for future research are considered.
关怀作为护理的理论基础，被全球医院管理机构视为临床实践中应实现的核心价值观之一。在当代技术环境下，关怀特质究竟如何与护士的职业自我形象及优质护理服务相关联，仍有待具体实施。共有来自11个不同国家的1957名注册护士参与了该研究，其目的是：深入理解并比较对与关怀、职业自我概念和技术影响相关项目的回答。为收集数据，向综合医院工作的注册护士发放了一份包含104个李克特量表项目的问卷。该问卷包含考察职业自我概念、技术影响和关怀特质的部分。描述性和推断性统计结果显示，样本中的许多亚洲护士比她们的“西方”同事更年轻、经验更少但资质更高。来自菲律宾、瑞典和南非的护士在关怀特质方面的平均得分显著高于来自中国（北京）、韩国、中国（香港）和苏格兰的护士。韩国样本在职业自我概念方面的平均得分最低，而新西兰样本最高。与来自中国（北京）、菲律宾、中国（香港）和新加坡的样本相比，澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、苏格兰和瑞典的样本强烈认为技术的增加并未给护理工作带来更多闲暇时间，并且总体上对技术的影响看法更为负面。研究结果结合样本中的文化差异进行了讨论，并考虑了对未来研究的建议。
