Leskelä M, Hietanen M, Kalska H, Ylikoski R, Pohjasvaara T, Mäntylä R, Erkinjuntti T
Unit of Neuropsychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Sweden.
Eur J Neurol. 1999 Nov;6(6):653-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.1999.660653.x.
Impairments in executive functions have been related to aging and frontal lobe lesions. Aging also causes slowing of mental processing. We examined whether ischemic stroke in the frontal brain area results in dysexecutive syndrome, or whether the frontal stroke causes increased slowing of mental processing. Neurological, radiological and neuropsychological examinations were carried out 3 months post-stroke on 250 ischemic stroke patients (55-85 years) and on 39 healthy control subjects. Of the patients, 62 had frontal and 188 had nonfrontal lesions. The neuropsychological examination comprised several cognitive domains, including tests considered to measure executive functions. The frontal group was slower than the nonfrontal group in tasks measuring speed of mental processing which were time-limited (Trail Making A, Stroop dots and fluency). They were also inferior in the Digit Span backwards task. There were no differences between the groups in other cognitive domains, nor in some tests which are considered to be measures of executive functions (e.g. WCST). Impairments in executive functions were evident in both the frontal and the nonfrontal groups compared with the controls, but no dysexecutive syndrome specifically related to frontal lesions was found. Frontal stroke related mainly to the slowing of mental processing.
执行功能障碍与衰老及额叶病变有关。衰老还会导致心理加工速度减慢。我们研究了额叶脑区的缺血性中风是否会导致执行功能障碍综合征，或者额叶中风是否会导致心理加工速度进一步减慢。对250名缺血性中风患者（55 - 85岁）和39名健康对照者在中风后3个月进行了神经学、放射学和神经心理学检查。其中，62名患者有额叶病变，188名患者有非额叶病变。神经心理学检查包括几个认知领域，包括被认为可测量执行功能的测试。在限时的心理加工速度任务（连线测验A、斯特鲁普点测验和流畅性测验）中，额叶组比非额叶组慢。在倒背数字广度任务中，额叶组也表现较差。两组在其他认知领域以及一些被认为是执行功能测量指标的测试（如威斯康星卡片分类测验）中没有差异。与对照组相比，额叶组和非额叶组均存在执行功能障碍，但未发现与额叶病变特异性相关的执行功能障碍综合征。额叶中风主要与心理加工速度减慢有关。
