1991 - 1996年纽约市吸毒注射者中艾滋病毒血清流行率及相关行为变化的种族/族裔异同
Similarities and differences by race/ethnicity in changes of HIV seroprevalence and related behaviors among drug injectors in New York City, 1991-1996.
作者信息
Friedman S R, Chapman T F, Perlis T E, Rockwell R, Paone D, Sotheran J L, Des Jarlais D C
机构信息
National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, New York 10048, USA.
出版信息
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999 Sep 1;22(1):83-91. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199909010-00011.
OBJECTIVE
To measure differences and similarities in the prevalence of HIV infection and of related risk and protective behaviors among New York City black, white, and Hispanic drug injectors during a period of decreasing HIV prevalence.
METHODS
Drug injectors were interviewed at a drug detoxification clinic and a research storefront in New York City from 1990 to 1996. All subjects had injected drugs within the last six months. Phlebotomy for HIV testing was conducted after pretest counseling. Analysis compares the first half (period) of this recruitment interval with the second half.
RESULTS
HIV seroprevalence declined among each racial/ethnic group. In each period, white drug injectors were significantly less likely to be infected than either blacks or Hispanics. Similar declines were found in separate analyses by gender, length of time since first injection, and by recruitment site. After adjustment for changes in sample composition over time, blacks and Hispanics remained significantly more likely to be infected than whites. Interactions indicate that the decline may be greatest among Hispanics and slowest among blacks. A wide variety of risk behaviors declined in each racial/ethnic group; and syringe exchange use increased in each group. Few respondents reported injecting with members of a different racial group at their last injection event.
CONCLUSIONS
HIV prevalence and risk behaviors seem to be falling among each racial/ethnic group of drug injectors. Black and Hispanic injectors continue to be more likely to be infected. Declining prevalence among whites poses some risk of politically based decisions to reduce prevention efforts. Overall, these results show that risk reduction can be successful among all racial/ethnic groups of drug injectors and suggest that continued risk reduction programs may be able to attain further declines in infection rates in each group.
目的
在纽约市黑人、白人和西班牙裔吸毒者中，于艾滋病毒流行率下降期间，衡量艾滋病毒感染率以及相关风险行为和保护行为的差异与相似之处。
方法
1990年至1996年期间，在纽约市一家戒毒诊所和一个研究店面，对吸毒者进行了访谈。所有受试者在过去六个月内均有注射毒品行为。在进行检测前咨询后，采集血样进行艾滋病毒检测。分析比较了招募间隔的前半期和后半期。
结果
每个种族/族裔群体的艾滋病毒血清阳性率均有所下降。在每个时期，白人吸毒者感染的可能性明显低于黑人和西班牙裔。在按性别、首次注射后的时间长度以及招募地点进行的单独分析中，也发现了类似的下降情况。在对样本构成随时间的变化进行调整后，黑人和西班牙裔感染的可能性仍显著高于白人。交互作用表明，下降幅度可能在西班牙裔中最大，在黑人中最小。每个种族/族裔群体中，各种各样的风险行为都有所下降；每个群体中注射器交换的使用都有所增加。很少有受访者报告在最后一次注射时与不同种族的人一起注射。
结论
每个种族/族裔的吸毒者群体中，艾滋病毒流行率和风险行为似乎都在下降。黑人和西班牙裔吸毒者感染的可能性仍然更高。白人流行率的下降带来了基于政治因素减少预防工作的风险。总体而言，这些结果表明，在所有种族/族裔的吸毒者群体中，降低风险是可以成功的，这表明持续的降低风险项目可能能够使每个群体的感染率进一步下降。
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