Baddeley A, Cocchini G, Della Sala S, Logie R H, Spinnler H
Psychology Department, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Brain Cogn. 1999 Oct;41(1):87-108. doi: 10.1006/brcg.1999.1097.
Both single unit recording and neuroradiological studies suggest that frontal and executive processes are necessary for visual maintenance rehearsal. This observation is linked to the classic vigilance literature by the proposal that vigilance decrement is found when the subject is required to maintain a representation over a brief delay. Vigilance performance was therefore studied in a sample of elderly subjects who were tested over a 40-min period involving perceptual or memory-based tasks which were matched for initial level of performance. There was a significant interaction between task and delay, with only the memory-based task showing decrement. A second study used the same two tasks to investigate vigilance performance in patients suffering from probable Alzheimer's Disease. Over a 15-min delay period, an equivalent interaction effect occurred, again indicating substantially greater decrement for the memory-based task. The results are interpreted as consistent with a role for the executive processes of working memory in both visual rehearsal and vigilance performance.
单单元记录和神经放射学研究均表明，额叶及执行过程对于视觉维持复述而言是必要的。这一观察结果与经典的警觉文献相关联，其依据是，当要求受试者在短暂延迟期间维持一种表象时，会出现警觉性下降。因此，我们对一组老年受试者的警觉表现进行了研究，这些受试者在40分钟内接受了基于感知或记忆的任务测试，这些任务在初始表现水平上相互匹配。任务和延迟之间存在显著的交互作用，只有基于记忆的任务表现出下降。第二项研究使用相同的两项任务来调查可能患有阿尔茨海默病的患者的警觉表现。在15分钟的延迟期内，出现了类似的交互作用效应，再次表明基于记忆的任务下降幅度更大。这些结果被解释为与工作记忆的执行过程在视觉复述和警觉表现中所起的作用相一致。
