Uter W, Pfahlberg A, Gefeller O, Schwanitz H J
Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Germany.
Contact Dermatitis. 1999 Nov;41(5):280-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06162.x.
The incidence of hand dermatitis is high in the hairdressing trade; the individual disease burden is substantial, as are the costs of treatment, workers compensation and retraining programs. To evaluate the risk of developing occupational irritant hand dermatitis associated with several potential risk factors, namely constitution (atopy) and occupational exposure, an observational prospective population-based cohort study set in vocational training schools in northwest Germany, recruiting 2352 hairdressing apprentices, was performed. Unprotected wet work of more than 2 h per day is the major significant risk factor; low ambient absolute humidity is equally associated with a significantly increased risk. Compared to the youngest age group, risk diminishes with increasing age. Constitutional risk factors are difficult to evaluate because of selective dropout of atopic participants. For primary prevention, a population approach, improving working conditions and skin protection for all exposed, appears to be the most beneficial.
手部皮炎在美发行业的发病率很高；个人疾病负担很重，治疗、工人赔偿和再培训计划的成本也是如此。为了评估与几种潜在风险因素（即体质（特应性）和职业暴露）相关的职业性刺激性手部皮炎的发病风险，在德国西北部的职业培训学校开展了一项基于人群的前瞻性队列观察研究，招募了2352名美发学徒。每天超过2小时的无保护湿作业是主要的显著风险因素；低环境绝对湿度同样与显著增加的风险相关。与最年轻的年龄组相比，风险随着年龄的增加而降低。由于特应性参与者的选择性退出，体质风险因素难以评估。对于一级预防，采用针对所有人的改善工作条件和皮肤防护的群体方法似乎是最有益的。
