Hanvold Therese N, Kines Pete, Nykänen Mikko, Thomée Sara, Holte Kari A, Vuori Jukka, Wærsted Morten, Veiersted Kaj B
National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Saf Health Work. 2019 Mar;10(1):3-20. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.12.003. Epub 2018 Dec 21.
This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.
本综述旨在确定北欧国家青年工人职业事故和疾病的风险因素，并了解年轻劳动力中可能需要特别关注的特定弱势群体的情况。我们使用五个在线数据库对1994年至2014年的文献进行了系统综述。在检索到的12528篇文章中，54篇符合综述标准并进行了质量评估，从中提取了数据，重点是确定青年工人中的职业安全、健康风险因素和弱势群体。综述表明，诸如重物搬运等机械因素、诸如对工作节奏控制不足等社会心理因素以及诸如安全氛围等组织因素，均与北欧青年工人受伤风险增加相关。结果显示，接触化学物质与皮肤反应有关，例如手部湿疹。重物搬运和不良姿势是腰痛的风险因素，高工作要求是心理健康问题的风险因素。该综述确定，年轻的非技术工人，包括辍学者，在职业事故方面是特别脆弱的群体。此外，学徒和年轻技术工人被发现易患与工作相关的疾病。至关重要的是，不能仅以年龄为因素将北欧青年工人一概而论地归为一类，因为青年工人是一个异质群体，他们对职业安全和健康风险的脆弱性因具体情况而异。政治家、研究人员和从业者应在工作的教育、培训和组织以及工作场所健康与安全文化方面考虑到这种复杂性。
