Patistea E, Siamanta H
Health Visiting Department, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Hellas, Greece.
J Prof Nurs. 1999 Sep-Oct;15(5):302-12. doi: 10.1016/s8755-7223(99)80056-8.
Caring is a salient feature of nursing practice and has been studied extensively from the nursing perspective. Nonetheless, little has been forthcoming in relation to patients' perceptions of the meanings and processes of caring. The present literature review shows that whereas nurse clinicians focus on the psychosocial aspects of caring, patients assign the highest value to technical skills and professional competence. Similarly to patients, a small proportion of nurses view competent clinical expertise as the fundamental component of caring. Noncaring behaviors include physical and emotional absence, belittling and inhumane actions, and lack of recognition of a patient's uniqueness. Patients' participation in decisions regarding their care may or may not be an element of a caring interaction. Ethnonursing studies describe the "caring culture" as one based on likeness, consensus, and conformity. Based on review findings, implications for practice and research are outlined.
关怀是护理实践的一个显著特征，并且已经从护理角度进行了广泛研究。尽管如此，关于患者对关怀的意义和过程的认知，却鲜有相关内容。当前的文献综述表明，虽然护士临床医生关注关怀的心理社会方面，但患者却将最高价值赋予技术技能和专业能力。与患者类似，一小部分护士也将胜任的临床专业知识视为关怀的基本要素。不关怀行为包括身体和情感上的缺席、贬低和不人道行为，以及对患者独特性的忽视。患者参与有关其护理的决策可能是也可能不是关怀互动的一个要素。民族护理学研究将“关怀文化”描述为一种基于相似性、共识和一致性的文化。基于综述结果，概述了对实践和研究的启示。
