Biggar R J, Janes M, Pilon R, Miotti P, Taha T E, Broadhead R, Mtimivalye L, Kumwenda N, Cassol S
Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20862, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1999 Dec;180(6):1838-43. doi: 10.1086/315122.
In developed areas, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected infants have high virus levels and rapidly progress to death. HIV levels were assessed in 1994-1997 in untreated infants in Malawi by analysis of dried blood spots tested by nucleic acid silica-bound amplification. Of 24 umbilical cord blood (CB)-positive samples, 83% had >10,000 copies/mL. The median virus level was 78,000 copies/mL. First positive sample median levels were 355,000 copies/mL among 52 perinatally infected infants and 130,000 copies/mL among 43 infants infected by breast-feeding. Virus levels were stable, and initial levels predicted levels 1 year after infection (P=.005), at which time levels did not significantly differ among in utero, perinatally, or postnatally infected infants. Thus, neither age at infection nor route of infection significantly influenced HIV levels measured 1 year after infection. Most (87%) CB-positive infants were infected before labor onset, since virus levels greatly exceeded those expected in their mothers.
在发达地区，感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的婴儿病毒载量高且迅速走向死亡。1994年至1997年期间，通过对经核酸硅胶结合扩增检测的干血斑进行分析，评估了马拉维未接受治疗的婴儿的HIV载量。在24份脐带血（CB）呈阳性的样本中，83%的样本病毒载量>10,000拷贝/毫升。病毒载量中位数为78,000拷贝/毫升。在52名围产期感染婴儿中，首次阳性样本的中位数水平为355,000拷贝/毫升，在43名通过母乳喂养感染的婴儿中为130,000拷贝/毫升。病毒载量稳定，初始水平可预测感染后1年的水平（P = 0.005），此时宫内感染、围产期感染或产后感染的婴儿之间的水平无显著差异。因此，感染时的年龄和感染途径均未对感染后1年测得的HIV载量产生显著影响。大多数（87%）CB呈阳性的婴儿在分娩开始前就已感染，因为其病毒载量大大超过了预期的母亲体内病毒载量。
