Stilley C S, Miller D J, Manzetti J D, Marino I R, Keenan R J
School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, and the VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA.
Psychother Psychosom. 1999;68(6):299-303. doi: 10.1159/000012347.
Dispositional optimism and adaptive coping styles have been shown to correlate with each other and with physical and psychological well-being in a number of studies with medical patients. Few studies in the transplant literature evaluate psychological characteristics of patients across medical diagnoses. A comparison of optimism and coping styles among candidates for liver and lung transplantation is presented.
Subjects were 73 candidates for lung transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and 76 candidates for liver transplantation at the Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System. All candidates were classified according to medical diagnosis and history of substance abuse (alcohol/drugs or smoking). There were no significant between- or within-group differences on optimism.
There was a significant difference within both groups, according to history of substance abuse on the coping style 'acceptance'. There were also significant between-group differences on a number of coping styles.
This preliminary study is intended to suggest direction for future research; studying psychological variables known to impact on health apart from medical diagnosis may provide data pertinent to selection criteria and the design of interventions to more effectively maximize the benefit of transplantation for all concerned.
在针对医学患者的多项研究中，特质乐观与适应性应对方式已被证明相互关联，且与身心健康相关。移植文献中很少有研究评估不同医学诊断患者的心理特征。本文呈现了肝移植和肺移植候选者的乐观程度与应对方式的比较。
研究对象为匹兹堡大学医学中心的73名肺移植候选者以及匹兹堡退伍军人事务医疗系统的76名肝移植候选者。所有候选者均根据医学诊断和药物滥用史（酒精/药物或吸烟）进行分类。在乐观程度方面，组间或组内均无显著差异。
根据药物滥用史，两组在应对方式“接受”方面均存在显著差异。在多种应对方式上，组间也存在显著差异。
这项初步研究旨在为未来研究提供方向；除医学诊断外，研究已知会影响健康的心理变量可能会提供与选择标准及干预措施设计相关的数据，从而更有效地为所有相关人员最大化移植益处。
