Moritomo Y, Tsuda T, Miyamoto H
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Kyushu Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan.
J Vet Med Sci. 1999 Oct;61(10):1147-52. doi: 10.1292/jvms.61.1147.
Thirteen anomalous calves with clefts of the face were morphologically examined, and craniofacial skeletons were studied in detail. According to the type and site of the cleft, four groups could be distinguished: median cleft lip and jaw (CLJ); median cleft lip, jaw, and palate (CLJP); lateral CLJ; and cleft palate (CP), including unilateral and bilateral type. Craniofacial skeletal abnormalities were observed in several bones at the roof, wall, and floor of the nasal cavity and at the boundary portion between the nasal and cranial cavities. Fissure formation at the cranial sutures, partial absence of the nasal process of the incisive bone, and opening of the bony palate were characteristic changes in median CLJ and CLJP, lateral CLJ, and CP, respectively. Furthermore, various associated changes were recognized in the median and paramedian skeletal elements of the face and other organs. The morphological changes of craniofacial skeletons with various types of clefts of the face depended on the site and degree of the cleft formation and reflected developmental errors of the facial embryonic segments. These changes would suggest disorders of the correlated development of facial processes and of other fetal organs of the face. For these conditions, etiologically hereditary cases were negative.
对13头患有面部裂隙的畸形小牛进行了形态学检查，并对颅面骨骼进行了详细研究。根据裂隙的类型和部位，可分为四组：正中唇裂和颌裂（CLJ）；正中唇裂、颌裂和腭裂（CLJP）；外侧CLJ；以及腭裂（CP），包括单侧和双侧类型。在鼻腔顶部、壁部和底部以及鼻腔与颅腔的边界部分的几块骨骼中观察到颅面骨骼异常。颅缝处的裂隙形成、切牙骨鼻突部分缺失以及硬腭开口分别是正中CLJ和CLJP、外侧CLJ和CP的特征性变化。此外，在面部和其他器官的正中及旁正中骨骼元素中还发现了各种相关变化。不同类型面部裂隙的颅面骨骼形态变化取决于裂隙形成的部位和程度，反映了面部胚胎节段的发育错误。这些变化提示面部各突起及面部其他胎儿器官的相关发育存在紊乱。就这些情况而言，病因学上的遗传病例检测结果为阴性。
