van der Meulen J C, Vaandrager J M
World J Surg. 1989 Jul-Aug;13(4):373-83. doi: 10.1007/BF01660750.
Facial clefts, including those of the lip and palate, are extremely rare. Some arise at the junction of facial processes preventing fusion, others have their origin in or between ossification centers. Virtually all are associated with osseous deficiencies. This article reviews the pathogenesis and morphology of these clefts. The principles of skeletal and soft tissue reconstruction are discussed and the experience of the authors with various new techniques is reported.
面部裂隙，包括唇裂和腭裂，极为罕见。有些裂隙出现在面部突起的交界处，阻止了融合，另一些则起源于骨化中心内或骨化中心之间。几乎所有裂隙都与骨质缺损有关。本文回顾了这些裂隙的发病机制和形态。讨论了骨骼和软组织重建的原则，并报告了作者在各种新技术方面的经验。
