Smith J W, Tokach M D, O'Quinn P R, Nelssen J L, Goodband R D
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1999 Nov;77(11):3007-15. doi: 10.2527/1999.77113007x.
We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 80 crossbred barrows (initially 44.5 kg) were fed a control diet or diets containing 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0% choice white grease (CWG). All diets contained 3.2 and 2.47 g of lysine/Mcal ME during growing (44.5 to 73 kg) and finishing (73 to 104 kg), respectively. Increasing energy density did not affect overall ADG; however, ADFI decreased and feed efficiency (Gain:feed ratio; G:F) increased (linear, P < .01). Increasing energy density decreased and then increased (quadratic, P < .06) skinned fat depth and lean percentage. In Exp. 2, 120 crossbred gilts (initially 29.2 kg) were used to determine the effects of increasing levels of CWG and lysine:calorie ratio fed during the growing phase on growth performance and subsequent finishing growth. Pigs were fed increasing energy density (3.31, 3.44, or 3.57 Mcal ME/kg) and lysine:calorie ratio (2.75, 3.10, 3.45, or 3.80 g lysine/Mcal ME). No energy density x lysine:calorie ratio interactions were observed (P > .10). Increasing energy density increased ADG and G:F and decreased ADFI of pigs from 29.5 to 72.6 kg (linear, P < .05). Increasing lysine:calorie ratio increased ADG and ADFI (linear, P < .01 and .07, respectively) but had no effect on G:F. From 72.6 to 90.7 kg, all pigs were fed the same diet containing .90% lysine and 2.72 g lysine/Mcal ME. Pigs previously fed with increasing lysine:calorie ratio had decreased (linear, P < .02) ADG and G:F. Also, pigs previously fed increasing CWG had decreased (linear, P < .03) ADG and ADFI. From 90.7 to 107 kg when all pigs were fed a diet containing .70% lysine and 2.1 g lysine/Mcal ME, growth performance was not affected by previous dietary treatment. Carcass characteristics were not affected by CWG or lysine:calorie ratio fed from 29.5 to 72.6 kg. Increasing the dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio improved ADG and G:F of growing pigs; however, pigs fed a low-energy diet or a low lysine:calorie ratio from 29 to 72 kg had compensatory growth from 72 to 90 kg.
我们进行了两项试验，以评估日粮能量密度和赖氨酸:能量比，对生长育肥猪生长性能和胴体特性的影响。在试验1中，80头杂交公猪（初始体重44.5千克）被饲喂对照日粮，或分别含有1.5%、3.0%、4.5%或6.0%精选白油脂（CWG）的日粮。所有日粮在生长阶段（44.5至73千克）和育肥阶段（73至104千克），分别含有3.2克和2.47克赖氨酸/兆卡代谢能。提高能量密度不影响总体平均日增重（ADG）；然而，日均采食量（ADFI）下降，饲料效率（增重:饲料比；G:F）提高（线性关系，P < 0.01）。提高能量密度使去皮脂肪厚度先下降后上升（二次曲线关系，P < 0.06），瘦肉率则先上升后下降。在试验2中，120头杂交小母猪（初始体重29.2千克）被用于确定，生长阶段提高CWG水平和赖氨酸:能量比对生长性能及后续育肥生长的影响。给猪饲喂能量密度逐渐提高（3.31、3.44或3.57兆卡代谢能/千克）和赖氨酸:能量比逐渐提高（2.75、3.10、3.45或3.80克赖氨酸/兆卡代谢能）的日粮。未观察到能量密度×赖氨酸:能量比的互作效应（P > 0.10）。提高能量密度使体重从29.5至72.6千克的猪的ADG和G:F提高，ADFI下降（线性关系，P < 0.05）。提高赖氨酸:能量比使ADG和ADFI提高（线性关系，P分别< 0.01和0.07），但对G:F无影响。从72.6至90.7千克，所有猪都被饲喂相同的日粮，该日粮含0.90%赖氨酸和2.72克赖氨酸/兆卡代谢能。先前饲喂赖氨酸:能量比逐渐提高日粮的猪，ADG和G:F下降（线性关系，P < 0.02）。此外，先前饲喂CWG逐渐增加日粮的猪，ADG和ADFI下降（线性关系，P < 0.03）。从90.7至107千克，当所有猪都被饲喂含0.70%赖氨酸和2.1克赖氨酸/兆卡代谢能的日粮时，生长性能不受先前日粮处理的影响。从29.5至72.6千克饲喂的CWG或赖氨酸:能量比，对胴体特性无影响。提高日粮能量密度和赖氨酸:能量比可改善生长猪的ADG和G:F；然而，29至72千克饲喂低能量日粮或低赖氨酸:能量比的猪，在72至90千克有补偿生长。
