Katouli M, Melin L, Jensen-Waern M, Wallgren P, Möllby R
Microbiology and Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Oct;87(4):564-73. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00853.x.
The effect of a dietary supplementation of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the stability of the intestinal flora and on the composition of coliforms in weaned pigs was investigated. Faecal floras were characterized by their metabolic activities and fermentative capacity (FC) using the Phene Plate generalized microplate. Coliforms were characterized by conventional enumeration and by the Phene Plate-RS plates. The latter measured FC, phenotypic diversity, persistence of each coliform strain in piglets, and similarity among the coliform populations within groups. From weaning onwards, the control pigs (n = 5) were fed a basal diet ad libitum, while experimental pigs (n = 5) were given the same food supplemented with 2500 ppm ZnO. Metabolic fingerprinting of faecal floras indicated marked differences between the composition of floras of treated and control pigs during the first 2 weeks post-weaning. The FC of faecal flora in both groups decreased as pigs aged, but it was significantly (P </= 0.0001) lower in control pigs during the first 2 weeks post-weaning. Neither the number of coliforms, nor their FC-values, differed between the groups. However, during the first 2 weeks post-weaning, there was a significant increase in both variety (P = 0.019) and diversity (P </= 0.001) of coliforms in control pigs compared with the ZnO treated group. Homogeneity between coliform populations of piglets was high during the suckling period, indicating the presence of many identical strains among piglets. This, however, decreased in control pigs during the first 2 weeks post-weaning. Several coliform strains that colonized the gut at the early stage of the pigs' life were found to be resident in animals of both groups. It is concluded that supplementation of ZnO to weaned pigs helped to maintain the stability of the intestinal microflora and the diversity of coliforms during the first 2 weeks post-weaning, but not later, and that ZnO supplementation to creep feed should be restricted to the first 2 weeks post-weaning in veterinary practice.
研究了日粮中添加氧化锌（ZnO）对断奶仔猪肠道菌群稳定性及大肠菌群组成的影响。采用Phene Plate通用微孔板通过粪便菌群的代谢活性和发酵能力（FC）对其进行表征。通过常规计数和Phene Plate-RS平板对大肠菌群进行表征。后者测量了FC、表型多样性、每个大肠菌群菌株在仔猪体内的持久性以及组内大肠菌群群体之间的相似性。从断奶开始，对照猪（n = 5）自由采食基础日粮，而实验猪（n = 5）则给予添加了2500 ppm ZnO的相同食物。粪便菌群的代谢指纹图谱表明，断奶后前2周，处理组和对照组猪的菌群组成存在显著差异。随着猪龄增长，两组粪便菌群的FC均下降，但断奶后前2周对照组猪的FC显著更低（P≤0.0001）。两组之间大肠菌群的数量及其FC值均无差异。然而，与ZnO处理组相比，断奶后前2周，对照猪大肠菌群的种类（P = 0.019）和多样性（P≤0.001）均显著增加。仔猪哺乳期间大肠菌群群体之间的同质性较高，表明仔猪中存在许多相同的菌株。然而，对照猪在断奶后前2周这种情况有所下降。发现在猪生命早期定殖于肠道的几种大肠菌群菌株在两组动物中均有存在。得出的结论是，断奶仔猪日粮中添加ZnO有助于在断奶后前2周维持肠道微生物群的稳定性和大肠菌群的多样性，但之后则不然，在兽医实践中，在补饲中添加ZnO应限于断奶后前2周。
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