Hodkovicova Nikola, Machacek Miroslav, Cahova Jana, Consolacion Jerico, Siwicki Andrzej, Pejsak Zygmunt, Svoboda Martin
Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Vet Med (Praha). 2025 Mar 24;70(3):77-92. doi: 10.17221/101/2024-VETMED. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant interest in veterinary medicine due to their unique properties, including enhanced stability, greater antimicrobial efficacy, and reduced toxicity compared to traditional silver salts. Their applications span various areas of veterinary practice, such as dermatology, wound management, infection prevention, drug delivery, and disinfection. This review explores their use in pigs, highlighting their role as feed additives to prevent diarrhoea, as antibacterial agents in semen extenders, and veterinary dermatology. AgNPs possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, positioning them as a promising alternative to antibiotics in addressing antibiotic resistance. Additionally, AgNPs have shown antiviral potential, though the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. The review examines the antibacterial and antiviral properties of AgNPs, their utility in facility sanitation, and their potential toxicity to pigs. While AgNPs offer significant benefits in veterinary applications, concerns about their toxicity persist. Efforts to reduce this toxicity, such as surface modifications or combining AgNPs with other substances, are under investigation. Further research is essential to fully understand the potential applications and safety of AgNPs in pig medicine.
由于其独特的性质，包括与传统银盐相比具有更高的稳定性、更强的抗菌效果和更低的毒性，银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）在兽医学领域引起了广泛关注。它们的应用涵盖了兽医实践的各个领域，如皮肤病学、伤口处理、感染预防、药物递送和消毒。这篇综述探讨了它们在猪身上的应用，重点介绍了它们作为饲料添加剂预防腹泻、作为精液稀释剂中的抗菌剂以及在兽医皮肤病学中的作用。AgNPs对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有广谱抗菌活性，使其成为解决抗生素耐药性问题的有前途的抗生素替代品。此外，AgNPs已显示出抗病毒潜力，但其确切作用机制仍不清楚。该综述研究了AgNPs的抗菌和抗病毒特性、它们在设施卫生中的效用以及它们对猪的潜在毒性。虽然AgNPs在兽医应用中提供了显著的益处，但对其毒性的担忧仍然存在。正在研究减少这种毒性的方法，如表面修饰或将AgNPs与其他物质结合。进一步的研究对于充分了解AgNPs在猪医学中的潜在应用和安全性至关重要。
