Skolnick M L, Shprintzen R J, McCall G N, Rakoff S
Cleft Palate J. 1975 Oct;12:369-76.
Thirty subjects with repaired palatal clefts and normal speech ranging in age from 2 to 12 years were examined in multiple videofluoroscopic projections in order to assess velopharyngeal closure in three dimensions. The following points became evident from the results of this study: 1. All 30 subjects exhibited contact between the superior border of the velum and the adenoid mass in the nasopharynx. Often, a sharp levator eminance was not formed due to the small space between the velum at rest and the adenoids. Thus, there was little room for the velum to elevate. 2. All 30 subjects showed good localized medial movement of the LAPW at the approximate plane of the hard palate. 3. 10 out of 30 subjects, 33%, had a Passavant's Ridge during speech. All 10 of these subjects utilized the ridge as a point of closure, as well as the adenoids. 4. The observed patterns of closure were consistent across varied consonant utterances. 5. The mechanism of velopharyngel closure in this group of subjects is essentially the same as for normal adult speakers and differs only anatomically due to a lack of verticle head growth in children. Thus, in spite of the presence of adenoids and the lack of verticle head development, the basic sphincteric mechanism of velopharyngeal colsure is utilized in these subjects.
对30名年龄在2至12岁之间、腭裂已修复且语音正常的受试者进行了多次视频荧光透视投影检查，以评估三维空间中的腭咽闭合情况。从这项研究的结果中可以明显看出以下几点：
所有30名受试者均表现出软腭上缘与鼻咽部腺样体之间的接触。由于静止时软腭与腺样体之间的空间较小，通常不会形成明显的提肌隆起。因此，软腭提升的空间很小。
所有30名受试者在硬腭大致平面处均表现出良好的软腭后缘内侧局部运动。
30名受试者中有10名（33%）在说话时有腭咽弓。这10名受试者均将腭咽弓以及腺样体作为闭合点。
在不同的辅音发音中，观察到的闭合模式是一致的。
这组受试者的腭咽闭合机制与正常成年说话者基本相同，只是由于儿童垂直头部生长不足，在解剖结构上有所不同。因此，尽管存在腺样体且垂直头部发育不足，但这些受试者仍利用了腭咽闭合的基本括约肌机制。
