Corbet S, Müller-Trutwin M C, Versmisse P, Delarue S, Ayouba A, Lewis J, Brunak S, Martin P, Brun-Vezinet F, Simon F, Barre-Sinoussi F, Mauclere P
Unité de Biologie des Rétrovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
J Virol. 2000 Jan;74(1):529-34. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.1.529-534.2000.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group N from Cameroon is phylogenetically close, in env, to the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) cpz-gab from Gabon and SIVcpz-US of unknown geographic origin. We screened 29 wild-born Cameroonian chimpanzees and found that three (Cam3, Cam4, and Cam5) were positive for HIV-1 by Western blotting. Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that Cam3 and Cam5 belonged to Pan troglodytes troglodytes and that Cam4 belonged to P. t. vellerosus. Genetic analyses of the viruses together with serological data demonstrated that at least one of the two P. t. troglodytes chimpanzees (Cam5) was infected in the wild, and revealed a horizontal transmission between Cam3 and Cam4. These data confirm that P. t. troglodytes is a natural host for HIV-1-related viruses. Furthermore, they show that SIVcpz can be transmitted in captivity, from one chimpanzee subspecies to another. All three SIVcpz-cam viruses clustered with HIV-1 N in env. The full Cam3 SIVcpz genome sequence showed a very close phylogenetic relationship with SIVcpz-US, a virus identified in a P. t. troglodytes chimpanzee captured nearly 40 years earlier. Like SIVcpz-US, SIVcpz-cam3 was closely related to HIV-1 N in env, but not in pol, supporting the hypothesis that HIV-1 N results from a recombination event. SIVcpz from chimpanzees born in the wild in Cameroon are thus strongly related in env to HIV-1 N from Cameroon, demonstrating the geographic coincidence of these human and simian viruses and providing a further strong argument in favor of the origin of HIV-1 being in chimpanzees.
来自喀麦隆的1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）N组在env基因上与来自加蓬的猿猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）cpz-gab以及地理来源不明的SIVcpz-US在系统发育上相近。我们对29只野生出生的喀麦隆黑猩猩进行了筛查，通过蛋白质印迹法发现其中三只（Cam3、Cam4和Cam5）HIV-1呈阳性。线粒体DNA序列分析表明，Cam3和Cam5属于普通黑猩猩指名亚种，而Cam4属于普通黑猩猩白脸亚种。对病毒的基因分析以及血清学数据表明，两只普通黑猩猩指名亚种黑猩猩（Cam5）中至少有一只在野外被感染，并揭示了Cam3和Cam4之间存在水平传播。这些数据证实普通黑猩猩指名亚种是HIV-1相关病毒的天然宿主。此外，它们还表明SIVcpz可以在圈养环境中从一个黑猩猩亚种传播到另一个亚种。所有三种SIVcpz-cam病毒在env基因上都与HIV-1 N聚类。完整的Cam3 SIVcpz基因组序列与近40年前在一只普通黑猩猩指名亚种黑猩猩身上发现的病毒SIVcpz-US显示出非常密切的系统发育关系。与SIVcpz-US一样，SIVcpz-cam3在env基因上与HIV-1 N密切相关，但在pol基因上并非如此，这支持了HIV-1 N是由重组事件产生的假说。因此，来自喀麦隆野生出生黑猩猩身上的SIVcpz在env基因上与来自喀麦隆的HIV-1 N密切相关，证明了这些人类和猿猴病毒在地理上的巧合，并为支持HIV-1起源于黑猩猩提供了进一步有力的证据。
