Diepgen T L, Coenraads P J
Department of Social Medicine, Center of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 58, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1999 Nov;72(8):496-506. doi: 10.1007/s004200050407.
Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) ranks first of all occupational diseases in many countries. The incidence rate is believed to be around 0.5-1.9 cases per 1000 full-time workers per year. Epidemiological studies play an important role in observing disease trends, analysing risk factors, and monitoring the effect of preventive measures. In this review article the lack of truly epidemiologic data on OCD and the difficulties of those studies are illustrated. The following issues are highlighted: case ascertainment and bias, the distribution of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in the working population, the interrelationship between exogenous (allergens, irritants) and endogenous factors, the prognosis, the social and economic impact, and the need for intervention studies.
职业性接触性皮炎（OCD）在许多国家的所有职业病中排名第一。据信发病率约为每年每1000名全职工人中有0.5 - 1.9例。流行病学研究在观察疾病趋势、分析风险因素以及监测预防措施的效果方面发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述文章中，阐述了关于职业性接触性皮炎缺乏真正的流行病学数据以及这些研究存在的困难。重点强调了以下问题：病例确诊与偏差、工作人群中过敏性和刺激性接触性皮炎的分布、外源性（过敏原、刺激物）与内源性因素之间的相互关系、预后、社会和经济影响以及干预研究的必要性。
