Università di Trieste.
Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region.
Med Lav. 2023 Oct 24;114(5):e2023044. doi: 10.23749/mdl.v114i5.14973.
The study of recognized occupational diseases trend is important to understand the preventive approach needed in the future, however, while numbers of occupational diseases are available on web, data on incidence are missing. The aim of our study was to analyze the trend and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of recognized occupational diseases in Italy, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (FVG) and Liguria region from 2010 to 2021.
Numbers of recognized occupational diseases by the Italian National Insurance for Occupational Diseases (INAIL) were analyzed and incidence were calculated considered the total number of workforces in the area. A Poisson regression model was used to estimate incidence trends.
FVG region presented a higher incidence of all occupational diseases compared to Italy and to Liguria in the period considered. The overall incidence in 2019 was 175, 91.8 and 108 cases for 100,000 workers, for FVG, Liguria and Italy respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) were the majority of occupational diseases with 100, 51 and 82.8 cases per 100,000 workers, in FVG, Liguria and Italy, respectively. Incidence of occupational cancers was 16, 10 and 4.9 cases per 100,000 workers, in FVG, Liguria and Italy, respectively. The annual change of incidence from 2010 to 2019 was positive for MSDs (IRR 1.06; 95%CI 1.06 to 1.07) and decreasing for the other causes in Italy. In FVG region the trend was positive for MSDs (IRR 1.05;95%CI 1.04 to 1.06), for respiratory diseases (IRR 1.03; 95%CI 1.00 to 1.05) and pleural plaques (IRR 1.03; 95%CI 1.00 to 1.06). In Liguria the trend was positive for MSDs (IRR 1.17; 95% CI 1.15-1.19) and for pleural plaques (IRR 1.07; 95%CI 1.03-1.12). Stable trends were found for cancers. Declining trend was shown for noise induced hearing loss and skin diseases.
FVG region presented a higher incidence of recognized occupational diseases compared to Liguria region and Italian data. Results that can be explained by a higher propensity of claiming for occupational diseases in workers, mainly for MSDs disorders. For cancers and asbestos-related diseases the higher incidence can be attributable to high exposure to asbestos in FVG and Liguria workers mainly in shipyard and dock activities.
研究已识别职业病的趋势对于了解未来所需的预防措施非常重要，然而，尽管网上有职业病的数量，但缺乏发病率的数据。我们的研究目的是分析 2010 年至 2021 年期间意大利弗留利-威尼斯朱利亚大区（FVG）和利古里亚大区的已识别职业病的趋势和发病率比值（IRR）。
分析了意大利国家职业事故保险局（INAIL）识别的职业病数量，并根据该地区的总劳动力人数计算了发病率。使用泊松回归模型估计发病率趋势。
在研究期间，FVG 地区的所有职业病发病率均高于意大利和利古里亚地区。2019 年的总发病率分别为 FVG、利古里亚和意大利每 10 万名工人 175、91.8 和 108 例。肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）是职业病的主要类型，FVG、利古里亚和意大利每 10 万名工人分别有 100、51 和 82.8 例。FVG、利古里亚和意大利每 10 万名工人的职业癌症发病率分别为 16、10 和 4.9 例。2010 年至 2019 年，MSD 的发病率呈正增长（IRR 1.06；95%CI 1.06 至 1.07），意大利其他原因的发病率呈下降趋势。在 FVG 地区，MSD（IRR 1.05；95%CI 1.04 至 1.06）、呼吸系统疾病（IRR 1.03；95%CI 1.00 至 1.05）和胸膜斑（IRR 1.03；95%CI 1.00 至 1.06）的发病趋势呈阳性。在利古里亚地区，MSD（IRR 1.17；95%CI 1.15-1.19）和胸膜斑（IRR 1.07；95%CI 1.03-1.12）的发病趋势呈阳性。癌症的趋势稳定。噪声性听力损失和皮肤病的发病率呈下降趋势。
与利古里亚大区和意大利数据相比，FVG 大区的已识别职业病发病率较高。这一结果可以归因于工人对职业病索赔的较高倾向，主要是肌肉骨骼疾病。对于癌症和与石棉有关的疾病，发病率较高可能归因于 FVG 和利古里亚地区工人（主要是造船厂和码头活动）接触石棉的程度较高。
