Elgamal A A, Holmes E H, Su S L, Tino W T, Simmons S J, Peterson M, Greene T G, Boynton A L, Murphy G P
Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98134, USA.
Semin Surg Oncol. 2000 Jan-Feb;18(1):10-6. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2388(200001/02)18:1<10::aid-ssu3>3.0.co;2-v.
We will review the evolution, benefits, and limitations of PSMA testing in the past, as well as its current and future value. Prostate cancer has been the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States. It has a wide spectrum of biological behavior between latent (indolent) and progressive (aggressive). Further identification of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a prognostic proliferation marker may enhance our understanding of the types of prostate cancer. A review of PSMA testing in the past as well as currently was conducted. Studies were reviewed that deal with detection of PSMA in serum and seminal fluid, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoscintigraphy, and immunohistochemical assays. PSMA is expressed primarily in benign and cancerous prostatic epithelial cells. It is up-regulated in hormone resistant states, and in metastatic situations or other clinical situations where there is tumor recurrence or extension. Based on current results, PSMA detected in the serum by western blotting can assist in the identification, staging, and monitoring of metastatic prostate cancer. In addition, PSMA shows a promising role in directed imaging and therapy of recurrent or metastatic disease.
我们将回顾过去前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）检测的发展历程、益处及局限性，以及其当前和未来的价值。前列腺癌一直是美国男性中最常被诊断出的癌症，也是男性癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。它在潜伏（惰性）和进展（侵袭性）之间具有广泛的生物学行为。进一步将前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）鉴定为一种预后增殖标志物，可能会增进我们对前列腺癌类型的理解。我们对过去以及当前的PSMA检测进行了综述。回顾了有关血清和精液中PSMA检测、逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、免疫闪烁显像及免疫组织化学分析的研究。PSMA主要在良性和癌性前列腺上皮细胞中表达。它在激素抵抗状态、转移情况或存在肿瘤复发或扩散的其他临床情况中上调。基于目前的结果，通过蛋白质印迹法在血清中检测到的PSMA有助于转移性前列腺癌的识别、分期和监测。此外，PSMA在复发性或转移性疾病的定向成像和治疗中显示出有前景的作用。
