Unger J
Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, József Attila University, Szeged, Hungary.
Int J Biometeorol. 1999 Nov;43(3):139-44. doi: 10.1007/s004840050129.
This paper examines the influence of a medium-sized city (Szeged, Hungary) on the bioclimatological conditions of human beings. With the help of suitable indices for the available data set, differences in the annual and diurnal variation of human bioclimatic characteristics between an urban and rural environment are evaluated over a 3-year period. These indices are the thermohygrometric index (THI, defined by air temperature and relative humidity), the relative strain index (RSI, defined by air temperature and vapour pressure) and the number of "beergarden days" (defined by air temperature at 2100 hours). In urban and rural areas, "hot" THI conditions characterize 6% and 1% of the year, "comfortable" conditions 30% and 20%, "cool" conditions 10% and 12%, and "cold" conditions 54% and 66% respectively. Over longer periods (e.g. one, month) RSI remains below the threshold value for strong heat stress in the city. The monthly frequencies of beergarden days show that these days appears from May until October and the city has almost twice as many pleasant evenings as the rural areas. Consequently, the city favourably modifies the main climatological elements within the general climate of its region; periods likely to be comfortable are therefore found more frequently in the city than in rural areas.
本文研究了一个中等规模城市（匈牙利塞格德）对人类生物气候条件的影响。借助适用于现有数据集的指标，在三年时间内评估了城乡环境中人类生物气候特征的年变化和日变化差异。这些指标包括热湿指数（THI，由气温和相对湿度定义）、相对应变指数（RSI，由气温和水汽压定义）以及“啤酒花园日”的数量（由21:00时的气温定义）。在城市和农村地区，“炎热”的THI条件分别占一年的6%和1%，“舒适”条件分别占30%和20%，“凉爽”条件分别占10%和12%，“寒冷”条件分别占54%和66%。在较长时期（如一个月）内，城市中的RSI保持在强烈热应激阈值以下。啤酒花园日的月度频率表明，这些日子从五月持续到十月，城市宜人夜晚的数量几乎是农村地区的两倍。因此，城市对其所在区域总体气候中的主要气候要素产生了有利的改变；所以在城市中，可能感到舒适的时期比农村地区更为常见。
