Center of Technology and Natural Resources/Academic Unity of Atmospheric Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, 58109 970, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Feb;161(1-4):45-59. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0726-3. Epub 2009 Jan 30.
This study attempted to assess a bioclimate index and the occurrence of an urban heat island in the city of Campina Grande, northeastern Brazil, using data taken from mobile measurements and Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). The climate data were obtained during two representative months, one for the dry season (November 2005) and one for the rainy season (June 2006) at seven points in an urban area. Ten-minute air temperatures recorded by an AWS installed in urban areas were compared to those from a similar station located in a suburban area to assess the urban heat island (UHI). The data were collected using a 23X data logger (Campbell Scientific, Inc.) programmed for collecting data every second. The thermal discomfort level was analyzed by Thom's discomfort index (DI), and an analysis of variance was applied for assessing if there was any statistically significant difference at the 1% and 5% significance level of thermal comfort among points. Mann-Kendall statistical test was used for identifying possibly significant trends in a time series for air temperature, relative humidity, and class A pan evaporation for the city of Campina Grande. The present study found UHI intensities of 1.48 degrees C and -0.7 degrees C for the months taken as representative of the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Summer in the city has partially comfortable conditions while the winter is fully comfortable. There are significant changes in DI hourly values between seasons. Only during the rainy season did all points of the city have a comfortable condition until 8:19 h, at which time they become partially comfortable for the rest of the day. Results indicated that there was a 1.5 degrees C increase in air temperature and a 7.2% reduction in relative humidity throughout the analyzed time series. The DI also showed a statistically significant increasing trend (Mann-Kendall test, p < 0.01) for the dry and rainy seasons and annual period of approximately 1 degree C in the last 41 years in the city of Campina Grande.
本研究试图评估巴西东北部坎皮纳格兰德市的生物气候指数和城市热岛的发生情况，使用的是来自移动测量和自动气象站（AWS）的数据。在城市的七个点上，在代表旱季（2005 年 11 月）和雨季（2006 年 6 月）的两个月中获取了气候数据。比较了在城市地区安装的 AWS 记录的十分钟空气温度与位于郊区的类似站记录的温度，以评估城市热岛（UHI）。使用 23X 数据记录器（坎贝尔科学公司）收集数据，该数据记录器每秒钟收集一次数据。通过 Thom 不适指数（DI）分析了热不适水平，并应用方差分析评估了在 1%和 5%的显着性水平下各点之间的热舒适度是否存在任何统计学显着差异。使用 Mann-Kendall 统计检验识别城市坎皮纳格兰德的空气温度、相对湿度和 A 类蒸发皿蒸发量时间序列中可能存在的显着趋势。本研究发现，代表旱季和雨季的月份的 UHI 强度分别为 1.48°C 和-0.7°C。城市的夏季部分舒适，冬季完全舒适。DI 小时值在季节之间有显着变化。只有在雨季，直到 8:19 小时，城市的所有点才具有舒适条件，此后一天中的其余时间都处于部分舒适状态。结果表明，在分析的时间序列中，空气温度升高了 1.5°C，相对湿度降低了 7.2%。DI 还显示出在旱季和雨季以及过去 41 年的年度期间具有统计学上显着的上升趋势（Mann-Kendall 检验，p<0.01），在过去 41 年中，城市坎皮纳格兰德的约 1°C。
