Nye M J
Oregon State University, USA.
Endeavour. 1999;23(4):148-54. doi: 10.1016/s0160-9327(99)80036-2.
There is a long tradition within scientific communities that encourages governments, patrons and citizens to enlist scientific expertise in the service of the public good. However, since the 17th century, scientists who have engaged in public political controversy have often been judged harshly by scientific colleagues, as well as by political adversaries. Some prominent scientists were politically active in Germany, France and England during the 1920s and 1930s; controversial stands were taken by the British physicist P.M.S. Blackett and the American chemist Linus C. Pauling against their countries' nuclear weapons policy following the Second World War.
科学界长期以来有一个传统，即鼓励政府、赞助者和公民利用科学专业知识服务于公共利益。然而，自17世纪以来，参与公共政治争议的科学家常常受到科学界同行以及政治对手的严厉评判。20世纪20年代和30年代，一些杰出的科学家在德国、法国和英国积极参与政治活动；第二次世界大战后，英国物理学家P.M.S.布莱克特和美国化学家莱纳斯·C.鲍林针对本国的核武器政策采取了有争议的立场。
