Bansal B C, Agarwal A K, Rewari B B
Escorts Heart Institute & Research Centre and Mool-chand Hospital, New Delhi.
J Indian Med Assoc. 1999 Jun;97(6):226-32.
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the third leading cause of death in United States and hypertension is a leading cause of both stroke and heart disease. It may cause headache, acute hypertensive encephalopathy, dementia and various types of strokes e.g., thrombotic, haemorrhagic, lacunar infarcts and transient ischaemic attacks. It remains the singlemost important treatable risk factor for stroke in all age groups and modern antihypertensive therapy has its documented prevention of stroke. Hypertension in acute phase of ischaemic stroke should not be treated. Hypertension in acute stroke should be treated. In advanced centres with specialised stroke units, the favoured drugs are short acting vasodilators e.g., sodium nitroprusside and labetalol. Nifedipine is the most popular drug followed by captopril, both sublingually and orally.
脑血管疾病（CVD）是美国第三大死因，高血压是中风和心脏病的主要病因。它可能导致头痛、急性高血压脑病、痴呆以及各种类型的中风，如血栓性、出血性、腔隙性梗死和短暂性脑缺血发作。在所有年龄组中，它仍然是中风最重要的可治疗风险因素，现代抗高血压治疗已证明可预防中风。缺血性中风急性期的高血压不应治疗。急性中风时的高血压应该治疗。在设有专门中风单元的先进中心，常用的药物是短效血管扩张剂，如硝普钠和拉贝洛尔。硝苯地平是最常用的药物，其次是卡托普利，均可舌下含服和口服。
