Hamajima N, Yuasa H, Matsuo K, Kurobe Y
Division of Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1999 Oct;29(10):490-3. doi: 10.1093/jjco/29.10.490.
The detection of gene-environment interaction can provide important clues not only for resolving biological mechanisms underlying diseases, but also for disease prevention. The newly introduced case-only study was compared with traditional case-control study in terms of statistical power to detect significant gene-environment interaction.
Odds ratios for interaction were calculated in the framework of case-control study and case-only study separately, by an unconditional logistic model. Hypothetical data with 200 cases and 200 or 400 controls and real published data derived from four cancer case-control studies of genotype and smoking were used for the comparisons.
Although odds ratio estimates for interaction were the same, 95% confidence intervals were narrower in case-only studies than in case-control studies. Similarly, there were no substantial differences in point estimates for interaction in four real cancer case-control studies between the two study designs, but the confidence intervals were narrower with the case-only study.
Although the case-only study does not provide odds ratios for exposure or genotype alone, it is very useful for the detection of interaction, especially for screening purposes.
基因-环境相互作用的检测不仅可为解析疾病潜在生物学机制提供重要线索，还对疾病预防具有重要意义。将新引入的病例对照研究与传统病例对照研究在检测显著基因-环境相互作用的统计效能方面进行比较。
分别在病例对照研究和病例对照研究框架内，通过无条件逻辑模型计算相互作用的比值比。使用具有200例病例以及200或400例对照的假设数据和来自四项关于基因型与吸烟的癌症病例对照研究的实际发表数据进行比较。
虽然相互作用的比值比估计值相同，但病例对照研究中的95%置信区间比传统病例对照研究中的更窄。同样，在四项实际癌症病例对照研究中，两种研究设计在相互作用的点估计上没有实质性差异，但病例对照研究的置信区间更窄。
虽然病例对照研究不能单独提供暴露或基因型的比值比，但它对相互作用的检测非常有用，尤其是用于筛查目的。
