The electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter: developmental expression in rat brain and possible role in acid vulnerability.

The electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) is expressed in glial cells in the brain and plays an important role in the regulation of both intracellular and extracellular pH. Differential vulnerability to acidosis between neurons and glia has been noted and may contribute to infarction after cerebral ischemia. Ionic substitution studies and inhibition of injury by 4, 4'-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid suggest that NBC is involved in astrocyte vulnerability to acidic injury. Recently two NBC cDNAs differing in 5'-untranslated and N-terminal coding sequence have been cloned from kidney and pancreas. We cloned one of these cDNAs from rat brain and demonstrate here that the clone is functional by expression in Xenopus oocytes. We determined the developmental and regional expression of NBC in the brain by in situ hybridization. Expression was observed in the spinal cord at embryonic day 17, whereas expression in brain was first seen at approximately postnatal day 0 (P0), increased at P15, and persisted in the adult brain. Expression was widespread throughout the cerebellum, cortex, olfactory bulb, and subcortical structures. Cellular resolution of the in situ hybridization signal and double labeling for glial fibrillary acidic protein were consistent with a glial localization for NBC. Expression of NBC in 3T3 cells that do not normally express this transporter rendered them vulnerable to acid injury. The expression profile suggests that this transporter is critical during the later stages of brain development and could be one of the factors contributing to the different patterns of injury seen in perinatal versus adult cerebral ischemia.