Højgaard I, Fornander A M, Nilsson M A, Tiselius H G
Department of Surgery, Västervik Hospital, Sweden.
Urol Res. 1999 Dec;27(6):417-25. doi: 10.1007/s002400050130.
To examine the effect of hydroxyapatite (HAP) seed crystals and urinary macromolecules on the crystallization under conditions similar to those in the collecting duct, we evaporated 100 ml samples of salt solutions with an ion composition assumed to correspond to that in the collecting duct without and with HAP seed crystals. The crystallization in seeded solutions was assessed both with and without dialysed urine (dU). After evaporation the number and volume of crystals were recorded in a Coulter Multisizer and the crystal morphology examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray crystallography. Addition of HAP crystals was apparently followed by an approximately 15-20% increase in heterogeneous nucleation of calcium oxalate (CaOx). In these experiments SEM and X-ray crystallography showed a high percentage of CaOx in the precipitate. In samples reduced to 40-69 ml, addition of dU to the collecting duct solution containing HAP seed resulted in a greater mean (SD) number of crystals; 3895 (1841) in samples with dU and 1785 (583) in samples without. This was mainly explained by an increased mean (SD) number of small crystals. The mean crystal volume was 17.8 (1.1) and 34.3 (9.1) in samples reduced to 40 69 ml with and without dU, respectively. This might reflect the inhibitory effect of dU on the growth and/or aggregation of the CaOx-CaP precipitate or a promoted nucleation resulting in a large number of small crystals. It is concluded that calcium phosphate formed above the collecting duct might induce heterogeneous nucleation of CaOx at lower levels of the renal collecting system, and that urinary macromolecules are powerful modifiers of these processes.
为了研究羟基磷灰石（HAP）籽晶和尿液大分子在类似于集合管的条件下对结晶的影响，我们蒸发了100毫升盐溶液样品，这些盐溶液的离子组成假定与不含和含有HAP籽晶的集合管中的离子组成相对应。在有和没有透析尿（dU）的情况下评估接种溶液中的结晶情况。蒸发后，使用库尔特多参数血细胞分析仪记录晶体的数量和体积，并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线晶体学检查晶体形态。添加HAP晶体后，草酸钙（CaOx）的异相成核明显增加了约15 - 20%。在这些实验中，SEM和X射线晶体学显示沉淀物中CaOx的比例很高。在体积减少到[40 - 69毫升]的样品中，向含有HAP籽晶的集合管溶液中添加dU会导致晶体的平均（标准差）数量更多；有dU的样品中为3895（1841），没有dU的样品中为1785（583）。这主要是由于小晶体的平均（标准差）数量增加。在体积减少到[40 - 69毫升]的样品中，有和没有dU时，平均晶体体积分别为17.8（1.1）和34.3（9.1）。这可能反映了dU对CaOx - CaP沉淀物生长和/或聚集的抑制作用，或者是促进成核导致大量小晶体的形成。得出的结论是，在集合管上方形成的磷酸钙可能在肾集合系统较低水平诱导CaOx的异相成核，并且尿液大分子是这些过程的有力调节剂。
原文中“40 - 69 ml”未明确单位，这里按毫升翻译，你可根据实际情况调整。
