Berg C, Tiselius H G
Department of Urology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
Urol Res. 1989;17(3):167-72. doi: 10.1007/BF00256245.
The addition of different amounts of hydroxyapatite crystals (HAP) to a solution, metastably supersaturated with respect to calcium oxalate (CaOx) resulted in heterogenous crystallization at seed concentrations exceeding 0.2 mmol/l. The induction period varied between 1 and more than 8 h with the shortest period for a seed concentration of 2 mmol/l. Addition to the system of 1 and 2% of whole urine and citrate in concentrations corresponding to approximately 1% of that found in normal urine inhibited the crystallization for as long as 4 h. In a system supersaturated with respect to calcium phosphate (CaP) the total number of crystals was markedly reduced by citrate concentrations exceeding 0.5 mmol/l. The fractions of medium sized and large crystals were sharply reduced and small crystals predominated at higher citrate concentrations. This might indicate effects of citrate on both crystal growth and crystal aggregation. We conclude that increased citrate concentrations during treatment with alkali leads to a significant inhibition of CaOx growth on HAP as well as to a prevention of the formation of large CaP crystals from solutions supersaturated with respect to CaP.
向相对于草酸钙（CaOx）呈亚稳过饱和的溶液中添加不同量的羟基磷灰石晶体（HAP），在籽晶浓度超过0.2 mmol/L时会导致异质结晶。诱导期在1至8小时以上之间变化，籽晶浓度为2 mmol/L时诱导期最短。向体系中添加相当于正常尿液中约1%浓度的1%和2%的全尿及柠檬酸盐，可抑制结晶长达4小时。在相对于磷酸钙（CaP）过饱和的体系中，柠檬酸盐浓度超过0.5 mmol/L时，晶体总数会显著减少。中等大小和大晶体的比例急剧降低，在较高柠檬酸盐浓度下小晶体占主导。这可能表明柠檬酸盐对晶体生长和晶体聚集均有影响。我们得出结论，在用碱治疗期间柠檬酸盐浓度升高会显著抑制CaOx在HAP上的生长，并防止从相对于CaP过饱和的溶液中形成大的CaP晶体。
