Miller R F
Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2000 Jan-Feb;47(1):21-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00005.x.
In recent years the clinical face of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome has changed significantly as a consequence of use of prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and combination antiretroviral therapy. In this context several opportunistic pathogens have emerged as causes of clinically important disease. Many of these infective agents have previously been defined by specific geographical locations. Their clinical presentation frequently mimics other (non) opportunistic infections with which they may co-exist. The diagnosis is frequently delayed as the diagnostic possibility may not be in the clinician's differential diagnosis. Invasive procedures are frequently required in order to secure a diagnosis. Despite treatment, prognosis is often poor. Clinicians should be aware of these opportunistic pathogens in order that a timely diagnosis may be made and appropriate therapy given.
近年来，由于使用了针对卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的预防措施和联合抗逆转录病毒疗法，获得性免疫缺陷综合征的临床症状发生了显著变化。在这种情况下，几种机会性病原体已成为具有临床重要意义疾病的病因。其中许多感染因子以前是由特定地理位置界定的。它们的临床表现常常与可能与之共存的其他（非）机会性感染相似。由于诊断可能性可能不在临床医生的鉴别诊断范围内，诊断常常延迟。为了确诊，常常需要进行侵入性检查。尽管进行了治疗，但预后往往很差。临床医生应了解这些机会性病原体，以便能够及时做出诊断并给予适当治疗。
