Bitner-Mathé B C, Klaczko L B
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68011, 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil.
Heredity (Edinb). 1999 Dec;83 ( Pt 6):688-96. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00606.x.
We have studied the morphology of wings of Drosophila mediopunctata employing the ellipse method, a procedure that allows precise descriptions of wing size (SI), wing shape outline (SH), and placement of longitudinal wing veins. We have found that the SH and the points which determine the position of the apices of the third, fourth and fifth longitudinal wing veins show high heritability in nature (the lower bound for the natural heritability is above 0.25). The values found are similar to those obtained for the broad-sense heritabilities (H2) in the laboratory. However, SI and the point which determines the apex of the second longitudinal wing vein showed small lower bounds for heritability in nature, 0.05 and 0.07, respectively, in spite of the high estimates of H2 in the laboratory. These results suggest that size and shape have different genetic properties. We observed a high positive phenotypic correlation between the SH, the fourth and the fifth longitudinal wing veins, which contrasts with a negative correlation between these traits and the second longitudinal vein. That is, as the SH gets longer, the apices of the second and fifth veins become closer to each other. Positive genetic correlations in the field were detected between SH, the fourth and the fifth longitudinal veins and also between the third and the fourth veins.
我们采用椭圆法研究了果蝇的翅膀形态，该方法能够精确描述翅膀大小（SI）、翅膀形状轮廓（SH）以及纵向翅脉的位置。我们发现，SH以及决定第三、第四和第五纵向翅脉顶端位置的点在自然条件下具有较高的遗传力（自然遗传力的下限高于0.25）。所得到的值与在实验室中获得的广义遗传力（H2）的值相似。然而，尽管在实验室中对H2有较高的估计值，但SI以及决定第二纵向翅脉顶端的点在自然条件下的遗传力下限较小，分别为0.05和0.07。这些结果表明，大小和形状具有不同的遗传特性。我们观察到SH、第四和第五纵向翅脉之间存在高度正表型相关性，这与这些性状与第二纵向翅脉之间的负相关性形成对比。也就是说，随着SH变长, 第二和第五翅脉的顶端彼此变得更靠近。在野外还检测到SH、第四和第五纵向翅脉之间以及第三和第四翅脉之间存在正遗传相关性。
