Ohmi G, Gottlob I, Wizov S S, Reinecke R D
The Foerderer Eye Movement Center for Children, Wills Eye Hospital, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 1999;14(4):291-8.
To elucidate the mechanism of paradoxical pupillary constriction to darkness (PPCD) and the clinical characteristics facilitating this phenomenon.
Six rod monochromats, three blue cone monochromats, with three obligate BCM carriers, and ten age matched controls were studied. Pupillary responses, refractions and eye positions were measured with an infrared refractometer, with and without background room lighting while being simultaneously recorded on VHS (infrared) video tape from onset of darkness.
Only rod monochromats displayed typical paradoxical pupillary responses. Blue cone monochromats and obligate BCM carriers showed reduced pupillary contraction, compared to controls, but no paradoxical pupillary reaction. Changes neither in accommodation nor convergence were found during paradoxical pupillary constriction to darkness in our rod monochromats.
Paradoxical pupillary constrictions to darkness were seen in rod monochromats but were found not to be age or gender related. This constriction was accompanied neither by accommodation nor convergence changes. No significant differences in pupillary responses to darkness were observed in BCMs nor their carriers, although pupillary dilation to darkness seemed slightly impaired as compared to normals.
阐明反常性暗适应瞳孔收缩（PPCD）的机制以及促成这一现象的临床特征。
对6名视杆单色视者、3名视锥单色视者、3名视锥单色视者的携带者以及10名年龄匹配的对照者进行了研究。使用红外验光仪在有和没有背景室内照明的情况下测量瞳孔反应、屈光和眼位，并在黑暗开始时同时记录在VHS（红外）录像带上。
只有视杆单色视者表现出典型的反常性瞳孔反应。与对照组相比，视锥单色视者和视锥单色视者的携带者的瞳孔收缩减少，但没有反常性瞳孔反应。在我们的视杆单色视者中，反常性暗适应瞳孔收缩期间未发现调节或集合的变化。
视杆单色视者中出现了反常性暗适应瞳孔收缩，但发现与年龄或性别无关。这种收缩既不伴有调节变化也不伴有集合变化。视锥单色视者及其携带者对暗适应的瞳孔反应没有显著差异，尽管与正常人相比，对暗适应的瞳孔扩张似乎略有受损。
