Cheetham W S, Cheetham R J
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1976 Mar;10(1):39-45. doi: 10.3109/00048677609159484.
The rural Xhosa people of South Africa have retained social cohesion through traditional custom, purity of language and the dominant role of ancestor worship, traditional medicine and witchcraft in life-style, beliefs and ceremonies. Abstract concepts are limited and ego defence mechanisms include projection, displacement and rationalization but cognitive disturbances per se are not regarded as important. Major attention is paid to severe conative and affective disturbances, ascribed to object or spirit intrument by a traditional "witchdoctor". Therapy is community orientated as far as possible unless uncontrollable violent behaviour necessitates referral to a mental hospital.
南非科萨族农村人口通过传统习俗、语言的纯正以及祖先崇拜、传统医学和巫术在生活方式、信仰及仪式中的主导作用，保持了社会凝聚力。抽象概念有限，自我防御机制包括投射、转移和合理化，但认知障碍本身并不被视为重要问题。主要关注严重的意动和情感障碍，传统的“巫医”将其归因于物体或灵魂作祟。治疗尽可能以社区为导向，除非出现无法控制的暴力行为，才需要转诊至精神病院。
