Causes and complications associated with swallowing disorders in traumatic brain injury.

A major complication commonly seen in persons with severe brain injury is swallowing dysfunction. The neuropathology leading to impaired swallowing is discussed. In addition, Other risk factors associated with dysfunctional swallowing, such as tracheostomy and the need for prolonged ventilatory support, are discussed. Within the intensive care environment, the consequences of impaired swallowing leading to aspiration-a major cause of pneumonia-are discussed.