Garri J I, Perlyn C A, Johnson M J, Mobley S R, Shatz D V, Kirton O C, Thaller S R
Department of General Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Fla 33101, USA.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999 Sep;104(4):922-7. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199909040-00005.
Because of the widespread popularity of water sports, plastic and reconstructive surgeons can expect to manage an increasing number of injuries associated with these activities, particularly those related to powered watercraft vehicles. Although seat belts for motorists and helmets for motorcyclists may be efficacious, such devices currently do not serve a similar role in powered watercraft sports. In this study, a retrospective chart review of 194 consecutive patients who presented to the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital (Level I trauma center) as a result of powered watercraft collisions is presented. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the incidence, cause, demographics, and available management options for head and neck injuries secondary to powered watercraft. Identified were 194 patients who presented because of watersports-related injuries during the period January 1, 1991, through December 31, 1996. From this group, 81 patients (41.8 percent) sustained injuries directly attributable to powered watercraft collisions, including 41 personal watercraft collisions (50.6 percent), 39 boat collisions (48.1 percent), and 1 airboat collision (1.2 percent). The patient population, as expected, tended to be young and male with an average age of 29 years (range, 8 to 64 years old). Interestingly, 41 of the patients (50.6 percent) who presented to this trauma center as a result of powered watercraft collisions also sustained associated head and neck trauma. Of 74 injuries 24 were facial fractures (32.4 percent), 18 were facial lacerations (24.3 percent), 14 were closed head injuries (18.9 percent), 8 were skull fractures (10.8 percent), 4 were scalp lacerations (5.4 percent), 4 were C-spine fractures (5.4 percent), 1 was an ear laceration (1.4 percent), and 1 was a fatality (1.4 percent). Le Fort fractures were the most commonly identified facial fracture in this series. The number of these injuries seen in hospital emergency rooms will most likely increase in the future as the popularity of water-related recreational activities becomes even more widespread. Based on these findings, it is strongly recommended that future efforts be directed toward the prevention of these injuries through patient education and the eventual development of efficacious and safe protective equipment.
由于水上运动广受欢迎，整形外科医生可能会处理越来越多与这些活动相关的损伤，尤其是那些与动力艇相关的损伤。虽然汽车驾乘人员的安全带和摩托车驾乘人员的头盔可能有效，但此类装置目前在动力艇运动中并未发挥类似作用。在本研究中，我们对194例因动力艇碰撞而就诊于迈阿密大学/杰克逊纪念医院（一级创伤中心）的连续患者进行了回顾性病历审查。本调查的目的是评估动力艇所致头颈部损伤的发生率、原因、人口统计学特征以及可用的处理方法。确定有194例患者在1991年1月1日至1996年12月31日期间因水上运动相关损伤就诊。在这组患者中，81例（41.8%）的损伤直接归因于动力艇碰撞，其中包括41例个人水上摩托碰撞（50.6%）、39例船只碰撞（48.1%）和1例汽船碰撞（1.2%）。正如预期的那样，患者群体倾向于年轻男性，平均年龄为29岁（范围为8至64岁）。有趣的是，因动力艇碰撞而就诊于该创伤中心的患者中有41例（50.6%）还伴有头颈部创伤。在74处损伤中，24处为面部骨折（32.4%），18处为面部裂伤（24.3%），14处为闭合性颅脑损伤（18.9%），8处为颅骨骨折（10.8%），4处为头皮裂伤（5.4%），4处为颈椎骨折（5.4%），1处为耳部裂伤（1.4%），1例死亡（1.4%）。Le Fort骨折是本系列中最常见的面部骨折。随着与水相关的娱乐活动越来越普及，未来医院急诊室中此类损伤的数量很可能会增加。基于这些发现，强烈建议未来通过患者教育以及最终开发有效且安全的防护设备来致力于预防这些损伤。
