Smith David
Am Nat. 2000 Jan;155(1):13-23. doi: 10.1086/303294.
Root hemiparasitic plants and their host plants interact directly, through parasitism, as well as indirectly, through scramble competition for resources. To understand the population dynamics and community ecology of root hemiparasitic plants and their hosts, models of resource-based competition have been extended to include resource parasitism. Parasitism provides a mechanism for parasitic plants to overcome deficits in their ability to compete for soil resources. The interaction ranges from competitive to exploiter-victim, depending on whether the benefits of parasitism overshadow the costs of competition. These models predict that as productivity in the system increases, parasitic plants should become more abundant. In diverse host communities, differences in the impact that parasites have on their hosts and the benefits that they receive from parasitizing different hosts may lead to nontransitive competitive relationships and a sort of apparent competition. The possible dynamics include paper-rock-scissors oscillations and indirect mutualisms between parasitic plants and their hosts that allow them to form coalitions that can exclude competitive dominants.
根部半寄生植物与其寄主植物之间不仅通过寄生作用直接相互作用，还通过对资源的争夺间接相互作用。为了理解根部半寄生植物及其寄主的种群动态和群落生态学，基于资源竞争的模型已得到扩展，以纳入资源寄生。寄生为寄生植物提供了一种机制，使其能够克服在争夺土壤资源能力方面的不足。这种相互作用的范围从竞争性到剥削-被剥削性，这取决于寄生的益处是否超过竞争的成本。这些模型预测，随着系统生产力的提高，寄生植物应该会变得更加丰富。在多样化的寄主群落中，寄生虫对其寄主的影响以及它们从寄生不同寄主中获得的益处存在差异，这可能导致非传递性竞争关系和一种明显的竞争。可能的动态包括类似“纸-石头-剪刀”的振荡以及寄生植物与其寄主之间的间接互利共生关系，使它们能够形成联盟，排除竞争优势种。
