Pennings Steven C, Callaway Ragan M
University of Georgia Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, GA, 31327, USA.
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
Oecologia. 2002 May;131(4):479-489. doi: 10.1007/s00442-002-0923-7. Epub 2002 May 1.
Parasitic plants are common in natural communities, but are largely ignored in plant community theory. Interactions between parasitic plants and hosts often parallel those between herbivores and plants: both types of consumers display host preferences, reduce host biomass and alter host allocation patterns, modify plant community structure and dynamics, and mediate interactions between host plants and other organisms. In other cases, basic differences in mobility, hormonal and elemental composition and resource capture between plants and animals lead to different effects: parasitic plants have broad host ranges, affect and are affected by host plant physiology because of similar hormonal pathways between parasite and host, do not alter nutrient cycling as extensively as do herbivores, and may simultaneously parasitize and compete with hosts. Many fundamental aspects of the ecology of parasitic plants remain poorly studied, and research to date has been dominated by laboratory studies and studies of crop pests, rather than by studies of natural communities.
寄生植物在自然群落中很常见，但在植物群落理论中却基本被忽视。寄生植物与寄主之间的相互作用通常与食草动物和植物之间的相互作用相似：这两类消费者都表现出寄主偏好，减少寄主生物量并改变寄主分配模式，改变植物群落结构和动态，并介导寄主植物与其他生物之间的相互作用。在其他情况下，动植物在移动性、激素和元素组成以及资源获取方面的基本差异会导致不同的影响：寄生植物寄主范围广泛，由于寄生植物与寄主之间激素途径相似，会影响寄主植物生理并受其影响，不像食草动物那样广泛改变养分循环，并且可能同时寄生在寄主上并与寄主竞争。寄生植物生态学的许多基本方面仍研究不足，迄今为止的研究主要是实验室研究和对作物害虫的研究，而不是对自然群落的研究。
