Sato S, Demura S, Minami M, Kasuga K, Toyoshima Y, Goshi F
Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Life-Long Sports Core.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1999 Dec;46(12):1038-47.
The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of each activity domain which make up activities of daily living (ADL). We used the ADL index with a unidimensional scale for partially dependent older adults, and examined the distribution of the ADL score and self-evaluation of health and physical fitness. There were 466 subjects from age 60 to 98 (132 male, 81.7 +/- 8.22 years; 334 female, 82.5 +/- 7.25 years). Seventeen items representing 7 domains (holding and changing the posture of the body, dressing, toilet usage, bathing, manual activity, walking, and locomotion and carrying) were selected as ADL items. Each item was measured on a dichotomous scale. A questionnaire consisting of 17 ADL items and two questions concerning self-evaluation of health and physical fitness were administered on subjects by institutional therapists (OT, PT, nurse, social worker). An examination of the cumulative relative frequency distribution curve of total score showed that ADL scores of all domains can be used to assess ADL achievement ability level with a wide range from low to high level. It is inferred that the total score will be low when the score is low for holding and changing body-posture, toilet usage and manual activity. On the other hand, it will be high when the score is high for dressing and walking. ADL abilities for all domains also tended to be higher in persons with higher perceptual levels of health and physical fitness.
本研究的目的是考察构成日常生活活动（ADL）的各个活动领域的特征。我们使用了针对部分依赖的老年人的单维量表ADL指数，并考察了ADL得分的分布以及对健康和体能的自我评估。共有466名年龄在60至98岁之间的受试者（男性132名，年龄81.7±8.22岁；女性334名，年龄82.5±7.25岁）。代表7个领域（保持和改变身体姿势、穿衣、使用厕所、洗澡、手部活动、行走以及移动和搬运）的17个项目被选为ADL项目。每个项目采用二分制量表进行测量。由机构治疗师（职业治疗师、物理治疗师、护士、社会工作者）向受试者发放一份包含17个ADL项目以及两个关于健康和体能自我评估问题的问卷。对总分的累积相对频率分布曲线的检查表明，所有领域的ADL得分都可用于评估从低到高广泛范围内的ADL成就能力水平。据推断，当保持和改变身体姿势、使用厕所及手部活动的得分较低时，总分会较低。另一方面，当穿衣和行走的得分较高时，总分会较高。在对健康和体能有较高感知水平的人群中，所有领域的ADL能力也往往更高。
