Rutala W A, Weber D J
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7030, USA.
J Hosp Infect. 1999 Dec;43 Suppl:S43-55. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6701(99)90065-8.
Many articles that document infections after improper decontamination of patient-care items have emphasized the necessity for appropriate disinfection and sterilization procedures. This paper provides recommendations on the preferred method for disinfection and sterilization of patient-care items based on the intended use of the item (i.e., critical, semicritical, noncritical). The chemical disinfectants recommended for patient-care items and instruments include glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, alcohol, iodophors, phenolics, and quaternary ammonium compounds. The choice of disinfectant, concentration, and exposure time is based on the risk of infection associated with the use of the item. The sterilization methods briefly discussed include steam sterilization, ethylene oxide, new low-temperature sterilization technologies and dry heat. When properly used, these disinfection and sterilization processes can ensure the safe use of invasive and noninvasive medical devices. However, this requires strict adherence to current cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization guidelines.
许多记录患者护理用品消毒不当后感染情况的文章都强调了适当消毒和灭菌程序的必要性。本文根据物品的预期用途（即关键、半关键、非关键），就患者护理用品的首选消毒和灭菌方法提供建议。推荐用于患者护理用品和器械的化学消毒剂包括戊二醛、过氧化氢、过氧乙酸、次氯酸钠、酒精、碘伏、酚类和季铵化合物。消毒剂的选择、浓度和暴露时间取决于与物品使用相关的感染风险。简要讨论的灭菌方法包括蒸汽灭菌、环氧乙烷、新型低温灭菌技术和干热灭菌。正确使用时，这些消毒和灭菌过程可确保侵入性和非侵入性医疗设备的安全使用。然而，这需要严格遵守当前的清洁、消毒和灭菌指南。
