Marmor M F
Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305-5308, USA.
Surv Ophthalmol. 2000 Jan-Feb;44(4):343-53. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00113-7.
Metamorphopsia is a symptom of retinal distortion from intrinsic retinal disease. It has undoubtedly been experienced for millennia, but its clinical significance has been appreciated only in modern times. The Norwegian painter Edvard Munch recognized scotomas and metamorphopsia after suffering an intraocular hemorrhage in his 60th year. Drawings made during this illness show his changing perceptions, and also his attempts to document them with a grid of lines. The Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid may have been the first to write about metamorphopsia. He described distortion of his vision in 1764, after an episode of sungazing, and recognized that the problem was probably of retinal origin. Lines or grids to document metamorphopsia have appeared in ophthalmology textbooks for more than 100 years, but testing for macular degeneration did not become routine until the dissemination of Amsler's grids in the middle of the 20th century. This is in large measure a result of developments in ophthalmology that made therapy for macular disease possible.
视物变形症是由视网膜内在疾病引起的视网膜扭曲症状。毫无疑问，数千年来人们都有过这种体验，但直到现代，其临床意义才得到重视。挪威画家爱德华·蒙克在60岁时眼内出血后，察觉到了暗点和视物变形症。他在患病期间所作的画作展现了他不断变化的视觉感知，以及他尝试用网格线记录这些变化的过程。苏格兰哲学家托马斯·里德可能是第一个论述视物变形症的人。1764年，在一次凝视太阳的经历后，他描述了自己视觉的扭曲，并意识到问题可能源于视网膜。用于记录视物变形症的线条或网格在眼科教科书中出现已有100多年，但直到20世纪中叶阿姆斯勒方格普及后，黄斑变性检测才成为常规检查。这在很大程度上是眼科发展的结果，这些发展使得黄斑疾病的治疗成为可能。
