Sacchetti A, Ciccocioppo R, Alberti S
Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Institute of Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy.
Histol Histopathol. 2000 Jan;15(1):101-7. doi: 10.14670/HH-15.101.
The Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is a spontaneously fluorescent polypeptide of 27 kD from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria that absorbs UV-blue light and emits in the green region of the spectrum. GFP has been successfully expressed both in bacteria and in eukaryotic cells and is widely used to monitor the localization of tagged proteins in living cells. Since wtGFP performs inefficiently in different cellular contexts, efforts have been devoted to the improvement of GFP expression levels and/or fluorescence. We will here review the basic characteristics of wt and mutated GFP, in particular their protein expression vs fluorescent properties. Emphasis will be given to unexpected consequences of mutations of the GFP gene, i.e. on transcription and translation rates and on protein folding in different cell types, and to how these critically reflect on the use of GFP in different cellular environments.
绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）是一种来自维多利亚多管水母的27kD自发荧光多肽，它吸收紫外蓝光并在光谱的绿色区域发射荧光。GFP已在细菌和真核细胞中成功表达，并广泛用于监测活细胞中标记蛋白的定位。由于野生型GFP在不同细胞环境中的表现不佳，人们致力于提高GFP的表达水平和/或荧光强度。我们将在此回顾野生型和突变型GFP的基本特征，特别是它们的蛋白质表达与荧光特性。重点将放在GFP基因突变的意外后果上，即在不同细胞类型中的转录和翻译速率以及蛋白质折叠，以及这些如何严重影响GFP在不同细胞环境中的使用。
