Chalfie M
Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Photochem Photobiol. 1995 Oct;62(4):651-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb08712.x.
Several bioluminescent coelenterates use a secondary fluorescent protein, the green fluorescent protein (GFP), in an energy transfer reaction to produce green light. The most studied of these proteins have been the GFPs from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and the sea pansy Renilla reniformis. Although the proteins from these organisms are not identical, they are thought to have the same chromophore, which is derived from the primary amino acid sequence of GFP. The differences are thought to be due to changes in the protein environment of the chromophore. Recent interest in these molecules has arisen from the cloning of the Aequorea gfp cDNA and the demonstration that its expression in the absence of other Aequorea proteins results in a fluorescent product. This demonstration indicated that GFP could be used as a marker of gene expression and protein localization in living and fixed tissues. Bacterial, plant and animal (including mammalian) cells all express GFP. The heterologous expression of the gfp cDNA has also meant that it could be mutated to produce proteins with different fluorescent properties. Variants with more intense fluorescence or alterations in the excitation and emission spectra have been produced.
几种生物发光腔肠动物在能量转移反应中使用一种二级荧光蛋白——绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）来产生绿光。这些蛋白中研究最多的是来自维多利亚多管水母和海肾的GFP。尽管来自这些生物的蛋白并不相同，但它们被认为具有相同的发色团，该发色团源自GFP的一级氨基酸序列。差异被认为是由于发色团蛋白质环境的变化所致。最近对这些分子的兴趣源于维多利亚多管水母gfp cDNA的克隆，以及在没有其他维多利亚多管水母蛋白的情况下其表达会产生荧光产物的证明。这一证明表明，GFP可用作活组织和固定组织中基因表达和蛋白质定位的标记。细菌、植物和动物（包括哺乳动物）细胞都能表达GFP。gfp cDNA的异源表达也意味着它可以被突变以产生具有不同荧光特性的蛋白质。已经产生了具有更强荧光或激发和发射光谱改变的变体。
